ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ - θέματα και απαντήσεις πανελληνίων εξετάσεων 1986 - 2007

University Exams D. Education - Dimitris Sclias Δείτε και τα άλλα προγράμματα μας 

 

Προτείνουμε οι υποψήφιοι Αγγλικής φιλολογίας, πρώτα να διαβάζουν προσεχτικά την κάθε ερώτηση μετά,

έχοντας ένα πρόχειρο τετράδιο δίπλα τους, να προσπαθούν να απαντήσουν γραπτώς τις ερωτήσεις και στη

συνέχεια να συγκρίνουν την δική τους απάντηση με αυτή που δίδεται. Καλή επιτυχία!

 

Θέματα πανελλαδικών εξετάσεων της Αγγλικής γλώσσας του έτους 2007

ΤΡΙΤΗ 19 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2007

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:

 

Sir David Attenborough, an environmentalist and veteran broadcaster, detected signs of a “moral change” in the public’s attitude to global warming. He accepted that some people may find his views “optimistic” or “naive”, but he said that historical examples like the change in attitudes to slavery 200 years ago showed that society could undergo rapid and profound moral shifts.

“I am perfectly persuaded that the issue about global warming is a real one and we are headed for a great worsening of the conditions on this planet for life of all kinds. I have no doubt whatsoever of the cause, which is the byproducts of humanity’s activities and therefore we should be curbing them.”

But it would be very difficult to impose limits on people’s actions, such as their freedom to fly. “It is pie in the sky to say that everybody has got to stop doing everything. That’s why the emphasis is on waste”, he said, “I have spent my life swanning around the world on aeroplanes. How could I suddenly turn around and say it is wrong? What I’m saying is that we shouldn’t be doing it for no good reason. The world is changing and we’ve got to do something!”

The Guardian, June 2, 2007   (25 points)

It is pie in the sky = είναι ανέφικτο/ουτοπικό

The emphasis is on waste = το να επιμένουμε σ’ αυτό είναι άδικος  κόπος

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

 

Α. Ο σερ David Attenborough, ένας περιβαλλοντολόγος και βετεράνος παρουσιαστής, ανίχνευσε σημάδια «ηθικής αλλαγής» στην στάση του κοινού απέναντι στην αύξηση της παγκόσμιας θερμοκρασίας.

Παραδέχτηκε ότι κάποιοι άνθρωποι πιθανόν να βρουν τις ιδέες του

«αισιόδοξες» ή «αφελείς», αλλά είπε ότι ιστορικά παραδείγματα, όπως η

αλλαγή συμπεριφοράς απέναντι στην σκλαβιά 200 χρόνια πριν, έδειξαν ότι η κοινωνία θα μπορούσε να υποστεί ραγδαίες και ριζικές ηθικές αλλαγές.

«Είμαι βαθιά πεπεισμένος ότι το ζήτημα της αύξησης της παγκόσμιας θερμοκρασίας είναι υπαρκτό, και ότι οδεύουμε προς μια μεγαλύτερη επιδείνωση των συνθηκών για κάθε μορφή ζωής πάνω στον πλανήτη.  Δεν έχω ουδεμία αμφιβολία για την αιτία, η οποία είναι τα υποπροϊόντα των ανθρώπινων δραστηριοτήτων και επομένως θα πρέπει να τα περιορίσουμε.» Αλλά θα μπορούσε να είναι πολύ δύσκολο να επιβάλλεις όρια στις ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες, όπως στην ελευθερία τους να πετούν.

«Είναι ουτοπικό να λέμε ότι οι όλοι θα πρέπει να σταματήσουν να κάνουν

τα πάντα. Να γιατί το να επιμένουμε σ’ αυτό είναι άδικος κόπος», είπε.  «Έχω περάσει τη ζωή μου τριγυρίζοντας σε όλο τον κόσμο, με αεροπλάνα. Πώς θα μπορούσα να γυρίσω ξαφνικά και να πω ότι είναι λάθος; Αυτό που λέω είναι ότι δεν θα πρέπει να το κάνουμε άσκοπα.  Ο κόσμος αλλάζει κι εμείς πρέπει να κάνουμε κάτι!».

«The Guardian», 2 Ιουνίου 2007

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

 

B1.a.  Give a title to the above text. (3 points)

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Β.1.a. “Changing attitudes to global warming”

 

b. Rephrase the following: I have no doubt whatsoever of the cause, which is the byproducts of humanity’s activities, and therefore we should be curbing them.

Do not use the same words as the original. (6 points)

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. The author is absolutely certain that the consequences of climate change for the natural world are due to the mankind’s actions and it is our responsibility to reduce such activities.

 

c. What does the author mean by the phrase: … the change in attitudes to slavery 200 years ago showed that society could undergo rapid and profound moral shifts. (6 points)

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. The fact that society altered the way it treated issues such as slavery, which was perfectly, socially acceptable 200 years ago, shows that society can also change the way it treats even the most serious ones.

 

B2.a. What are some of the byproducts of humanity’s activities which cause a great worsening of the conditions on this planet? In a short paragraph discuss at least four byproducts (not more than 50 words). (5 points)

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Β.2.a. Suggestions

The fact that global human population has doubled means that it will stress the planet’s farms ecosystems.

Carbon and fossil fuels emissions from automobiles..

Contamination of every part of the world’s oceans with industrial

poisons..

Intensive farming methods such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides on farms..

Destruction of the rainforest..

 

b. Write a paragraph suggesting at least four everyday actions that practically lead to an environmentally friendly life (not more than 50 words). (5 points)

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. Suggestions

Reduction of industrial waste by promoting recycling and lessening its weight and volume.

Control of chemical substances harmful to the environment.

Developing environmentally-friendly technologies and measures.

Developing eco-friendly products based on product assessment.

Use alternative sources of energy such as solar or wind power.

 

c. The world is changing and we’ve got to do something.

Apart from global warming, how do you think the world has changed in the 21st century? Write a short paragraph (not more than 50 words). (5 points)

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. Suggestions

Greenhouse gases led to sea level rise, ozone layer and harmful sun rays.

Over consumption of infinite natural resources.  Water pollution is reducing the useable supply of fresh water Traffic congestion makes the way of living intolerant.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:

 

During a youth conference on employment the following comments were made by teenagers presenting two different approaches:

“Job satisfaction is what matters to me.”

“I want a job that leaves me with plenty of leisure time.”

Write a short article for a youth magazine commenting on the above statements and supporting them with your own views. (45 points)

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Γ. Job Expectations.

We all spend a lot of time studying, both at school and university, to get the job we want. But what are we looking for when we apply for a job?

For many of us, job satisfaction is what we seek. What’ s the point of earning lots of money if we end up hating the time we spend at work?  Having a job that is interesting an stimulating is, surely, far more important than what it pays. It could be something we will spend much of our lives doing so we should find something we enjoy.

Others, however, see jobs as just a means to an end; that nice round figure in our bank statement every month. What’s more important to them is that a job gives them lots of free time and the opportunity to do

what they want with their lives. They want their nights free for socialising, the weekends reserved for leisure activities a long summer vacations for rest and relaxation.

For a lucky few, leisure interests and career opportunities merge in a happy union. The rest of us need to make the most of the job we get, while enjoying whatever free time we have.

 

 

THE END Of 2007

**********************

 

 

Θέματα πανελλαδικών εξετάσεων της Αγγλικής γλώσσας του έτους 1986

 

A. Να γράψετε στο τετράδιο στα αγγλικά και να αποδώσετε στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

WHY THE YOUNG FEEL LONELY

For many people, loneliness begins in adolescence. Before that time, you take the world and your place in it for granted. Dad, mum, brothers, sisters, friends they're simply there. Your teens bring an increased self- awareness.

Adolescence is a time for working out your own ideas about people and relationships. Your parents may seem more like strangers with ideals that you simply can't share. And that's where loneliness can begin.

Sometimes, parents genuinely don't understand. It is hard for them to adjust to having another adult in the house. To make matters even worse, your feelings may be dismissed as "moodiness". You may very well have different ideas about hundreds of issues, and this can lead to a total lack of communication.

Loneliness can also be an acute experience for those who don't seem to fit in with their own generation. If your basic ideals are quite different from your friends, you can end up feeling terribly isolated.

If you're the odd one out, it can weaken your confidence and make it more difficult for you to make friends. It's a vicious circle.

 ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

 ΓΙΑΤΙ ΟΙ ΝΕΟΙ ΑΙΣΘΑΝΟΝΤΑΙ ΜΟΝΑΞΙΑ

Για πολλούς ανθρώπους η μοναξιά αρχίζει στην εφηβική ηλικία. Πριν από την ηλικία αυτή παίρνεις τον κόσμο και τη θέση σου σ' αυτόν σαν κάτι το δεδομένο. Μπαμπάς, μαμά, αδελφοί, αδελφές, φίλοι, απλά υπάρχουν. Όμως, η εφηβική ηλικία σου φέρνει αυξημένη την αίσθηση της ατομικότητας.

Κατά την εφηβική ηλικία διαμορφώνεις τις δικές σου προσωπικές ιδέες για τους ανθρώπους και τις σχέσεις μεταξύ τους. Οι γονείς σου ίσως σου φαίνονται ξένοι, με ιδεώδη που απλά δε μπορείς να συμμεριστείς. Τότε ακριβώς αρχίζει το πρόβλημα της μοναξιάς.

Μερικές φορές οι γονείς πραγματικά δεν καταλαβαίνουν. Τους έρχεται δύσκολο να προσαρμοστούν στο γεγονός ότι υπάρχει άλλος ένας μεγάλος στο σπίτι. Πολλές φορές τα πράγματα χειροτερεύουν όταν τα αισθήματά σου παρεξηγούνται σα νάζια. Είναι πολύ πιθανόν να έχεις διαφορετικές απόψεις σε εκατοντάδες ζητήματα με συνέπεια αυτό να οδηγεί σε πλήρη έλλειψη επικοινωνίας.

Η μοναξιά μπορεί επίσης να είναι μια έντονα οδυνηρή εμπειρία για τους ανθρώπους που δεν ταιριάζουν ούτε με την ίδια τους τη γενιά. Εάν τα βασικά σου ιδανικά είναι εντελώς διαφορετικά απ' αυτά των φίλων σου, μπορεί η κατάληξη να είναι ένα αίσθημα οδυνηρής απομόνωσης.

Εάν είσαι αλλιώτικος απ' το κοινωνικό σύνολο, αυτό μπορεί να σου δημιουργήσει έλλειψη αυτοπεποίθησης, με συνέπεια να έχεις ακόμη μεγαλύτερη δυσκολία να αποκτήσεις φίλους. Έτσι δημιουργείται ένας φαύλος κύκλος.

 

  B. Να γράψετε στο τετράδιο τις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις και να απαντήσετε στα Αγγλικά.

 

B.1 (a) Do you think that this article is addressed to adolescents or to their parents? Which elements of the text support your opinion?

Απάντηση:

B.1 (a) This article is addresses to adolescents because it refers to them in the second person, whereas it

refers to parents in the third person.

 

(b) Regardless of whether the article is addressed to adolescents or to their parents why would it be of interest to both?

Απάντηση:

(b) It would be of interest to both because it is concerned with the psychological problems experienced by both in understanding one other.

 

(c) In this article you may find various reasons for which adolescents feel lonely. One of these reasons also applies to adults. Which is it, in your opinion?

Απάντηση:

The more obvious reason is related to the adolescents suddenly realising that they may have in fact an opinion

of their own which will probably contradict that of their parents.

The difference in age will inevitably cause a difference in mentality, and both sides will want to have things

their own way. Therefore the family home, which used to be the most intimate environment, suddenly becomes

a group of strangers or enemies, and teenagers do not anymore have somebody to turn to inside their home.

 

B.2 (a) Your English - speaking friend, who temporarily lives in Greece, has often told you how lonely she feels even though she has you and other friends. You want to help, so you drop this article off to her attaching a one line note. Start your note as follows: Dear ____ this note might be of interest to you...

Απάντηση:

Dear Alison, this note might be of interest to you, it may explain better than I could why you should not feel

so lonely especially with all of us around.

 

(b) Suppose that this article was written as a personal account by an adult who was narrating why he/she had felt lonely when an adolescent. How would the first three lines of the third paragraph ("Sometimes. . . moodiness") have been written? Rewrite the three sentences as appropriate.

Απάντηση:

Sometimes we, as parents, don't genuinely understand. It's hard for us to adjust to having another adult in

the house. We may even make things even worse by dismissing your feelings as 'moodiness'

 

(c) As this article was being offset, the following two utterances were left out : (i) So, you end up feeling even more lonely and misunderstood. (ii) and that there must be something wrong with you.

In which points of this article would each of these utterances appear?

Απάντηση:

I believe the first one should be attached right after  'fiends' in the last line of the text to become the link with

the concluding phrase. The second one should be right after 'isolated', thee lines from the bottom, as it fits

both grammatically and as an argument that concludes what has been mentioned before.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο (120 - 150 λέξεις περίπου) σύμφωνα με το παρακάτω θέμα :

You are M. Fotiou and you live at 14, Antheon St. Jamie Walker, a pen - friend of yours for 10 years, came to Greece on holidays to stay with you for a month. Three days later, Jamie disappeared. You contacted the police but up to now, five days later, they have not been able to locate him. You are extremely worried and the only thing you can think of is to make an appeal through an English - speaking paper to anyone who might have seen or talked with him. Your appeal is complemented with a brief account of what happened and with a detailed description of appearance, clothing, habits, manner of speech and anything else that might help recognition.

  Απάντηση:

 I'm writing this appeal in the hope that a reader of this newspaper may be able to help me locate an English

friend of mine who has suddenly go missing.

My friend's name is Jamie Walker. Jamie is thirty years old. He is approximately 1.80 meters tall, with short

brown hair and brown eyes. He is of medium built but he is quite muscular and fit. Jamie does have one distinguishing feature however, and that is a red birthmark on his left side of his neck. He also has a loud and very funny laugh and he tends to wave his hands around and gesture a lot when he speaks.

I last saw Jamie on Saturday afternoon at about 4 p.m. He told me that he was going into town to have a

coffee by the sea and that was the last I saw or heard of him.

When Jamie left my house he was wearing a pair of khaki Bermuda shorts, a blue T-shirt with an Adidas motif

on it and a pair of Reebok trainers.

It really is a mystery  to me what could have happened to Jamie. He is very much a free spirit and an independent person but he is also quite considerate and he must know that I am worried about him.

If you think you may have seen Jamie, please contact the police as soon as possible.

THE END Of 1986

**********************

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1987

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο. 

 

This  work brinks together essays by a distinguished translator and critic of modern Greek poetry, and it

provides a much-needed critical introduction to those twentieth-century Greek poets who are the most

interrelated in their own tradition and who have also earned the widest foreign audience.

The author's study of C.P. Cavafy, Angelos Sikelianos , Yannis Ritsos, and the tow recent novelists in

literature George Seferis and Odysseas Elytis, explores two principle themes that were among their

concerns: voice and myth.

The writer describes how these poets found their personal styles in the rich linguistic and literary tradition

that they inherited - how each was able at some crucial point in his career to express subjective lyricism

through the dramatic and symbolic expression of a tragic sense of life.

He also focuses on the search of each poet for his national identity - what Elytis called "the true face of Greece"

-and  the various ways each used Greek mythology or mythologized Greek history to bring this search to a

productive resolution.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Αυτή έκδοση συγκεντρώνει δοκίμια ενός αναγνωρισμένου μεταφραστή και κριτικού της σύγχρονης Ελληνικής

ποίησης. Παρέχοντας επιπλέον μια αναγκαία εισαγωγή στον σχολιασμό εκείνων των Ελλήνων ποιητών του

20ού αιώνα που συνδέονται περισσότερο μεταξύ τους σύμφωνα με την κοινή τους παράδοση, και που έχουν

κερδίσει εξ' άλλου το μεγαλύτερο αναγνωστικό κοινό  στο εξωτερικό.

Η μελέτη του συγγραφέα πάνω στους Κ.Π. Καβάφη, Άγγελο Σικελιανό, Γιάννη Ρίτσο, καθώς και στους δύο

πρόσφατους νομπελίστες στην λογοτεχνία, Γιώργο Σεφέρη και Οδυσσέα Ελίτη, εξερευνά δύο από τους

βασικούς θεματικούς άξονες που τους απασχόλησαν: την φωνή και τον μύθο.

Ο συγγραφέας περιγράφει πως αυτοί οι ποιητές ανέπτυξαν τον προσωπικό τους τρόπο γραφής μέσα στην

πλούσια γλωσσική και λογοτεχνική παράδοση που κληρονόμησαν - πως δηλαδή ο καθένας τους κατόρθωσε

σε κάποιο κρίσιμο σημείο της πορείας του να εκφράσει υποκειμενικό λυρισμό μέσα από μια δραματική και

συμβολική έκφραση της τραγικότητας της ζωής.

Επικεντρώνεται επίσης στην αναζήτηση του καθενός από τους ποιητές για την εθνική του ταυτότητα, αυτό που

ο Ελύτης ονόμαζε "το αληθινό πρόσωπο της Ελλάδας", καθώς και στους ποικίλους τρόπους με τους οποίους

ο καθένας τους χρησιμοποίησε την Ελληνική μυθολογία ή την μυθοποιημένη Ελληνική ιστορία για να

οδηγήσει την αναζήτηση του σε ένα παραγωγικό αποτέλεσμα.

 

Β. B1 Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιο σας στα Αγγλικά τις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις.

a. Where do you think this text is likely to appear? (exclude newspapers and magazines)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

This text would be likely to appear on the back cover of the book it describes.

 functioning as a small description for the potential readers. It may also appear in a book review, wherever

this may be included, e.g. in the homepage of a bookstore on the Internet.

 

b. The title of the book that this text presents is "modern Greek poetry" which do you think is the most

appropriate subtitle? Choose one of the three below and give one reason for which each of the other

two would be inappropriate: (I) A tragic sense of life  (II) A critical introduction to 20th century Greek poets

(III) The true face of Greece. 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

I would choose 'A critical introduction to 20th century Greek poets' the other two titles would be inappropriate

because each of them expresses only one of the tow themes of the book, and the result would be vague

for the reader to understand.

 

c. Which four pieces of information presented in this text would make someone think that this book is an ideal

present for a person who has both special literary training and strong interest in Greek culture?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

The book being a 'critical introduction' to important 20th century Greek poets, could provide an essential

starting point to someone with those interests. The combination of the poets 'literary and linguistic tradition'

with the search for their 'national identity', reflects these themes in their poetry as parts of the Greek

culture. also references to 'Greek mythology' in the poems, could be a simultaneous exploration of both

Greek history and literature.

 

B.2 a. You are Fani, and you are studying in England. Write a four or five line note to your British roommate

recommending the book to him or her.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Since I know you are into Greek poetry, I thought you'd find this book interesting. It may help you find out

about poets that you are not aware of, as well as to study their meaning through critical essays.

You'll also find out more about Greek history and culture.

 

b. The book presented here was published in 1982. Recently the same author produced a work, which includes translations of contemporary Greek poetry. The book review of this recent work ends with a reference to

his 1982 publication. Make this last paragraph beginning as follows: "This distinguished author has also"

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

This distinguished author has also published a collection of his critical essays on some of the major poets

of the 20th century. This collection, titled 'modern Greek poetry' provides extensive critical analysis of

those poems focusing on issues of poetic expressions and their search for national identity. Along with

the current publication of translated Greek poetry, the two books are an essential literary companion

to the modern reader.

 

c. You are interviewing the writer about his new book (containing the translation of contemporary Greek

poetry). Ask the author three questions concerning this book.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

1. Could you give us the titles of some of the poems you worked on?

2. Is your book to be translated in European countries as well?

3. Do you believe that there is any particular target group, academic student for example, that could benefit

from the collection of your critical essays?

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο (120 - 150 λέξεις περίπου) σύμφωνα με το παρακάτω θέμα :

You are taking part in the international writing contest. You need not have special writing talent. All you need

is to use your imagination and come up with the most original, creative story that you can think of, using

the following clues( listed below in random order)

*fat woman with thick glasses    *camera

*train                                               *young, tall man with athletic build

*a newspaper

 ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

one warm summer afternoon last June a quite extraordinary thing happened to me. I was sitting on a fairly busy train, making my way to a business meeting. It was one of those tediously slow trains that seems to

take a lifetime to get from one station to the next.

Like most people I was bored and impatient to get to my destination. I looked around at my fellow passengers.

Everyone was in their dream world of their own.

Then, the atmosphere suddenly changed. At the previous station, five or six passengers had boarded the train.

They didn't seem to be connected with one another in any way at first but they brought with them an

inexplicable tension. one of the passengers was a rather large woman who wore thick glasses that she

seemed to peer through. She was sitting next to a tall young man who was particularly handsome.

He was of a very athletic build like someone who works out regularly.

Suddenly, to my complete surprise, the young man started kissing the woman passionately and then an old

man who had been reading a newspaper put down the paper and took some photographs of the couple;

seconds later he took a photo of me.

I was speechless. then the mysterious situation was explained. I was secretly being filmed for a TV show.

Luckily I hadn't made a complete fool of myself.

THE END Of 1987

*****************************

 

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1988

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

It is so easy to sit back and think, "it won't happen to me". But it can and will unless you do something about it. In London there is a burglary every three minutes of the day and no one is exempt. You may think you have nothing worth stealing, but everyone has something worthy of a thief's attention. It may not be worth much in terms of hard cash, but it could be of great personal and sentimental value to you.

So don't make it easy for them. The opportunist thief in particular is soon discouraged when he meets opposition. Be prepared to spend a little on your security, be safe rather than sorry - you'll find it well worthwhile in the long run.

* Fit security locks and always use them

* Take extra precautions when you go away

* Keep your valuables in the bank

* Be wary of strange callers

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Είναι εύκολο να κάθεσαι ανέμελα και να σκέφτεσαι "Δε θα μου συμβεί" ! Αλλά μπορεί να συμβεί και θα συμβεί, αν δε λάβεις τα μέτρα σου. Στο Λονδίνο γίνεται μια ληστεία κάθε 3 λεπτά της ημέρας και κανείς δεν αποτελεί εξαίρεση. Ίσως νομίζεις ότι δεν υπάρχει τίποτε που να αξίζει να σου το κλέψουν, αλλά όλοι μας έχουμε κάτι που τραβάει την προσοχή του κλέφτη. Μπορεί αυτό το κάτι να μην αξίζει πολλά αν το υπολογίσει κανείς σε καθαρό χρήμα, αλλά μπορεί να έχει μεγάλη προσωπική και συναισθηματική αξία για σένα.

Γι αυτό, μην τους διευκολύνεις. Ειδικά ο ευκαιριακός κλέφτης αποθαρρύνεται σύντομα όταν συναντήσει αντίσταση. Να είσαι πάντα πρόθυμος να ξοδέψεις κάτι για την ασφάλειά σου. Καλύτερα να είσαι προσεκτικός και ασφαλής, παρά μετανοιωμένος . Με την πάροδο του χρόνου θα δεις πως αξίζει τον κόπο.

* Βάλε κλειδαριές ασφαλείας και μην αμελείς να τις χρησιμοποιείς ανελλειπώς.

* Πάρε επί πλέον προστατευτικά μέτρα όταν απουσιάζεις.

* Φύλαγε τα τιμαλφή σου στην Τράπεζα.

* Πρόσεχε τους άγνωστους επισκέπτες.

 

Β: Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

B.1 (a) This text is part of a brochure. In your opinion who could it be issued by and to whom is it addressed?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B.1 (a) The brochure is most probably issued by the police, and is addressed to the

residents of London, both tenants and house owners.

 

(b) For which purpose, do you think, is this text published?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

(b) This text is published to inform people that burglaries are more common than most people might think, to warn them that everyone is at risk, and to suggest ways of protecting their property and money against thieves.

 

(c) Supply both a title and a subtitle for the above text.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

(c) Title: How you can avoid being burgled (robbed)

or How you can avoid a break-in

or Anti-burglary precautions

or Watch out, there's a thief about

or It won't happen to me

Subtitle: What you can do or Precautions you should take.

 

B.2 (a) Imagine and make a brief description of a picture which could appear on the front page of the brochure. (2-3 lines)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B.2 (a) A possible picture / illustration could be :

The outline of a burglar climbing through a window. It would be night

time and the burglar could be carrying a torch or a sack.

OR

The inside of a house in complete disorder, everything having been turned

upside-down by a thief : drawers open, things broken and scattered on the

floor.

OR

A policeman could be interviewing a householder or tenant who has been

burgled. He/she would be very upset, perhaps showing the policeman a

broken lock.

 

(b) You are going on holiday and a friend of yours with whom you are sharing your flat in London is leaving a week later. You know that your friend is careless, so you leave him/her a note giving instructions as to what he/she should do to prevent theft. Sign the note : "Your roommate".

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

(b) Paul,

Now that I'll be gone and you'll be on your own for a while before you leave, too, please watch out for possible thieves. Make sure you lock all the doors and windows every time you go out and before you go to bed. Don't leave any money or other valuable items lying about. If anyone calls and you aren't sure who they are, ask them to identify themselves before letting them in. Finally before you leave next week, make absolutely sure everything is locked and tell one of the neighbours to keep an eye on the flat or tell the police that you are going away. See you soon.

Have a good holiday,

Your roommate.

 

(c) You wish to inform your fellow students of the contents of this brochure, concentrating on the instructions provided at the end of the text. You find the tone of the instructions very authoritative. Rewrite the first instruction ("Fit security locks and always use them") in TWO different ways excluding the imperative.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

(c) It would be a good idea to have security locks fitted, which you should always remember to use.

OR

You should fit security locks and always try to use them.

OR

You are advised to fit security locks and always try to use them.

 

 

Γ: Να γράψετε κείμενο (120-150 λέξεις περίπου) σύμφωνα με το παρακάτω θέμα :

You are the Greek correspondent of a British magazine for the young. Report on an event which you consider

to be of particular interest to your readers.

(As the magazine is for the young, the event reported should be of interest to them).

e.g. A Circus coming to town

or A Carnival parade

or The opening of a fun-fair

or The end of the school term

or A special occasion in Greece e.g. 1st May

The event could be imaginary or one that has actually happened. The report should include factual information e.g. date, place etc and a description of what happened, using a register of language that would be understood by young children.)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

The Circus Arrives

from your Greek Correspondent

On Saturday 16th June here in Athens, an enormous travelling circus came to town. Yorgo's Circus is one of the most famous here in Greece and has been going for over a hundred years.

I went along to the opening performance and was lucky enough to get a front-row seat. The ring master, in a yellow jacket, opened the show with a crack of his whip. He was followed by a string of incredible acts. There were lions with their tamer, elephants, seals, jugglers on one-wheeled bicycles, a conjurer who drew rabbits out of a hat and a tight-rope walker who took the children's breath away.

My favourite act of course was the clowns who got cream cakes, water and paint all over themselves and I thought I would never stop laughing.

I left the Big Top three hours later after a terrific afternoon. Should you come to Greece this summer my advice is - don't miss it!

THE END Of 1988

***************************

 

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1989

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

The scarcity of women in top jobs is "an appalling failure of the educational system", Mrs. B.R., director of South Bank Polytechnic told a conference in Manchester this week.

Mrs B.R. said, "I always assumed that my generation had all the hard fighting and it would be better for the next".

Practical reasons frequently prevented women from getting promotion, she claimed. "I know this is unpopular with some feminists. They talk as if children, marriage and housework don't exist, but for the vast majority of women this is a reality".

The fact is that Mrs. B.R. had desperately wanted at South Bank Polytechnic at least one woman for senior posts. But in a recent round of appointments only 20 out of 200 applicants were women.

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Η σπανιότητα γυναικών σε "υψηλές" θέσεις εργασίας αποτελεί ένδειξη της "τρομακτικής επιτυχίας του

εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος" όπως δήλωσε η κα. B.R., του South Bank Polytechnic, σε ένα συνέδριο που

γίνεται στο Μάντσεστερ αυτήν την βδομάδα.

Όπως δήλωσε χαρακτηριστικά η κα. B.R. "Πάντα θεωρούσα ότι η γενιά μου είχε αγωνιστεί σκληρά και ότι τα

πράγματα θα ήταν καλύτερα για τις επόμενες γενεές.

Ισχυρίστηκε ακόμη ότι συχνά οι γυναίκες αδυνατούν να πάρουν προαγωγή για πρακτικούς λόγους:

"Ξέρω ότι κάποιες φεμινίστριες δεν συμφωνούν με αυτό. Μιλούν λες και τα παιδιά, ο έγγαμος βίος και οι

δουλειές του σπιτιού δεν υπάρχουν, όταν αυτά αποτελούν καθημερινή πραγματικότητα για την συντριπτική

πλειοψηφία των γυναικών."

Γεγονός είναι ότι η κα. B.R. ήθελε όσο τίποτα άλλο να προσλάβει τουλάχιστον μια γυναίκα σε υψηλά ιστάμενη

θέση στο South Bank Polytechnic.

Αλλά σε μια πρόσφατη προκήρυξη θέσεων στις 200 αιτήσεις που κατατέθηκαν, μόνο 20 ήταν από γυναίκες.

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

B1. a. Give a title and subtitle to the above text.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B1 a. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM FAILS / WOMEN WANTED AT THE TOP

Scarcity of women in top jobs / Why don't more women get there? / Educational system to blame

for the situation.

 

b. What is the main problem discussed in the text? (no more than two lines).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. Our educational system does not prepare women for promotion and top jobs.

 

c. Write the non practical reason, included in the text, why women don't get higher posts.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. The new generation of women have not benefited from the hard fighting for equal rights done by the previous generations of feminists. Our educational system has not succeeded in persuading women that they are worthy of top posts.

 

B2. a. You attended the conference and when you came home you told your friend about the "hard

fighting" of this generation (paragraph 2). Write what you told him/her, beginning with : Mrs

B.R. said that …

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B2 a. Mrs B.R. said that her generation had done all the hard fighting for equal rights and therefore

she hoped things would be better for the next generation.

 

b. You are Lynn and you have just read the above article in the paper. Write a four-line note to your British friend who is interested in writing an article about women, recommending the text to him/her.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. Dear John,

I've come across an interesting article in the Times Educational Supplement of 10th April which attempts to explore the reasons why women still fail to qualify for senior posts. It mainly attributes this sad phenomenon to the failure of the educational system , which is also reinforced by the fact that women have insurmountable family commitments such as marriage, children and housework. But why don't you get it and find out all about it yourself?

Yours, Lyhn

 

c. You are interviewing Mrs. B.R. Ask her two questions concerning her views on women's scarcity in top jobs.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. 1. Besides any possible drawbacks in our educational system, can you think of any other

reasons why women do not apply for top posts ?

2. Do you think women are not really interested in getting top jobs or that they do not feel competent

to do such jobs?

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120-150 λέξεων με το παρακάτω θέμα :

"Education means acquiring knowledge, absorbing a selected part of the human wisdom, understanding the world better. An educated person understands better his relation to nature, society and universe".Using ideas from the above passage (but not only them) write a letter to your younger brother, who is not certain whether or not he wants to do further studies, convincing him that he should go on. Start the letter with "Dear brother" and finish with "Yours, ABC".

Σημείωση : Η ονομασία South Bank Polytechnic να μη μεταφραστεί.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

32 Nafsicas Street

Serres

29th June 1989

Dear brother,

I hear you aren't certain whether or not to go on with further studies. It seems that you feel a strong temptation to go out in the world and make money. I don't think that's a bad idea; nevertheless, I really believe you're a bit too hasty in your decision. True, our educational system is far from ideal; however, it can still provide you with the knowledge you need in order to better understand nature and our world as a whole.

You should bear in mind that education helps you live a better life. On the one hand, it will provide you with the means of succeeding financially by finding the right job later on. On the other hand, it will help you enhance your emotional and spiritual qualities and find a purpose in life through understanding your relation to nature, society and the universe. I do hope you will reconsider your views and continue with your studies.

Yours ABC.

THE END Of 1989

**************************

 

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1990

A. Να αποδώσετε , στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει , αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

How many people can the earth hold? Will birth and death rates continue to decline? Can food production keep apace of population growth? Can technology supplement or replace today's resources? What are the long-term effects of pollution on health, climate, and farm production?

Debate over such issues has spawned volumes, as scholars look to the future with varying degrees of optimism and gloom. In a lecture titled "The Terror of Change", Mrs P.S. cited three aspects of our future about which there is little disagreement: The speed of change will accelerate, the world will be increasingly complex, and nations and world issues will be increasingly interdependent.

The problems facing Third World megacities cannot be ignored by developed countries. We cannot look to the past for solutions; there is no precedent for such growth. We are in uncharted, challenging waters.

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, Aug. 1984

Δίνεται : to spawn : to produce, esp. in large numbers.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Πόσους ανθρώπους μπορεί να χωρέσει η γη ; Θα συνεχίσουν να πέφτουν τα ποσοστά των γεννήσεων και των θανάτων ; Μπορεί η παραγωγή τροφίμων να ακολουθήσει την αύξηση του πληθυσμού ; Μπορεί η τεχνολογία να συμπληρώσει ή να αντικαταστήσει τους σημερινούς πόρους ; Ποιες θα είναι οι μακροπρόθεσμες συνέπειες της μόλυνσης στην υγεία , στις κλιματολογικές συνθήκες και στην γεωργική παραγωγή ;

Συζητήσεις πάνω σε τέτοια θέματα έχουν γεμίσει τόμους, καθώς οι μελετητές ατενίζουν το μέλλον με ποικίλα συναισθήματα αισιοδοξίας και θλίψης. Κατά τη διάρκεια μιας διάλεξης , με θέμα "Ο τρόμος της αλλαγής", η κ. P.S. παρέθεσε τρεις απόψεις σχετικά με το μέλλον μας, για τις οποίες υπάρχει σχεδόν πλήρης συμφωνία. Ο ρυθμός της αλλαγής θα επιταχυνθεί, ο κόσμος θα γίνεται όλο και πιο σύνθετος και τόσο τα έθνη όσο και τα παγκόσμια θέματα θα γίνονται όλο και πιο αλληλοεξαρτώμενα.

Τα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζουν οι μεγαλουπόλεις του Τρίτου Κόσμου δε μπορούν να αγνοηθούν από τα ανεπτυγμένα κράτη. Δε μπορούμε να ψάξουμε στο παρελθόν για λύσεις, αυτή η ανάπτυξη δεν έχει προηγούμενο . Βρισκόμαστε σε άγνωστα, αχαρτογράφητα νερά που αποτελούν πρόκληση.

 

Β : Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

B1. a. Give a title and a subtitle to the above text.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B1 a. The Challenge of the Future / Will Growth Overwhelm Us?

 

b. What is the purpose of the text?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. To pose the problem of the future impact of rapid growth on population, technology and pollution.

 

c. In your opinion who, in particular, is the text addressed to?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. To any sensitive human being seriously concerned about the future of our world, scholars and laymen alike.

In particular, it is addressed to the heads of governments and international organisations in the developed countries of the West.

 

B2. a. You are interviewing Mrs. P.S. Ask her three questions concerning the reason of the aspects.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B2 a. Q1 How, in your opinion, could overpopulation be controlled? Assuming that all developed countries

were aware of the problem, what should be their approach towards the

population explosion observed in underdeveloped countries ?

Q2 Given the fact that even today, only a few years away from the turn of the 20th century, millions of people

in the Third World countries are faced with the scourge of famine, do you believe that sufficient food supplies could be produced and distributed in order to feed the population of our planet?

Q3 How could worldwide pollution levels be brought down? Is it sound to pursue solutions using atomic power disregarding the dangers it entails?

 

b. Suppose the writer had some reservations. How could he then express himself?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. It is extremely difficult to predict the future of our world of constant change. I honestly hope that the leaders of both the developed and underdeveloped countries alike will realise that drastic measures must be taken to combat these problems. We must realise that these problems are not indigenous to one country only or to a specific part of this planet, but affect us all, directly or indirectly.

 

c. How would you report the first paragraph of the text to a friend of yours without changing its meaning?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. The author of an article I read expressed serious concern about the future. He wondered about how many people the earth could hold and whether birth and death rates would continue to decline. He questioned whether there would be enough food for the expanding population or whether new technology could supplement or replace today's resources. Finally, he was concerned about the effects of pollution on health, climate and farm productions in the distant future.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο (120 - 150 λέξεις περίπου) σύμφωνα με το παρακάτω θέμα :

Suppose you are the group leader of 45 children going on an excursion to Oxford. When you arrive you

find out that the rooms you had asked the tourist agency to book for you, have not been kept. Write a letter of protest to the above agency describing your discomfort. Start your letter with "Dear Sir/Madam" and finish with "sincerely, XZ"

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to complain about a recent booking I made through your agency. As the group leader of 45 children on an excursion to Oxford, I requested the booking of twenty-three double rooms for the children and myself, for one night at the Oxford Arms Hotel, on 5^th April.

We arrived at the hotel at the pre-arranged time only to find out that the rooms had not been reserved by your company and that the hotel had no other vacancies. This led to the children and I having to chase around Oxford looking for another hotel wasting some the little time we had available for other scheduled activities and ended up having to pay much more than we could afford.

I am sure that you appreciate this was an intolerable situation to find ourselves in. I would be grateful if you could reimburse the additional cost we incurred, and because of the sensitivity of the situation involving children , I feel that some further compensation on your part would only be fair and just.

I look forward to a prompt reply.

Yours faithfully, XZ.

 THE END Of 1990 

 *****************

 

  

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1991

 

A. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας , στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο .

 

Nearly every schoolchild knows that seven-tenths of our planet's surface is covered by water-seemingly an inexhaustible supply for earth's five billion people. But the sobering fact is that 97 percent of that water is saline and unusable, leaving just 3 percent to nourish and sustain all terrestrial life. Moreover, the world's human population continues to explode, while the supply of fresh water remains constant.

Just how that life-giving resource will be conserved and apportioned in the coming century is one of the great problems that face us.

The solutions ? Conservation of water, for one. Desalination offers some long-range hope. U.S. research laboratories are exploring an ingenious technique of using heat from the tropical oceans to convert salt water into fresh, thus saving conventional forms of energy.

Technology, however, is only a partial answer. The real solution - like the problem - is mankind itself.

William Graves

Editor, The National Geographic

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Σχεδόν κάθε μαθητής γνωρίζει ότι τα 7/10 της επιφάνειας του πλανήτη μας καλύπτονται από νερό, φαινομενικά ένα ανεξάντλητο απόθεμα για τα 5 δισεκατομμύρια ανθρώπων της γης. Αλλά το θλιβερό γεγονός είναι ότι το 97 % αυτού του νερού είναι αλμυρό και δε μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί, επιτρέποντας μόλις το 3% να θρέψει και να συντηρήσει όλη τη ζωή στη γη. Επιπλέον , ενώ ο ανθρώπινος πληθυσμός συνεχίζει την τρομακτική του αύξηση, τα αποθέματα του γλυκού νερού παραμένουν σταθερά.

Το πώς ακριβώς αυτή η ζωοδότρα πηγή θα διαφυλαχθεί και θα κατανεμηθεί στον επόμενο αιώνα, είναι ένα από τα μεγάλα προβλήματα που μας απασχολούν.

Οι λύσεις ; Τουλάχιστον η διαφύλαξη του νερού. Η αφαλάτωση προσφέρει κάποια μακροπρόθεσμη ελπίδα. Ερευνητικά εργαστήρια στις Η.Π.Α. διερευνούν μια πρωτοπόρο τεχνική χρησιμοποιώντας τη θερμότητα των τροπικών ωκεανών για να μετατρέψουν το αλμυρό νερό σε γλυκό, εξοικονομώντας, κατ' αυτόν τον τρόπο, συμβατικές μορφές ενέργειας.

Η τεχνολογία, όμως, είναι μόνο μια μερική λύση. Η πραγματική λύση, όπως και το πρόβλημα, είναι η ίδια η ανθρωπότητα.

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

Β1. a. Give a title to the above text.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B1. a. "Mankind, the real solution to the water shortage problem"

 

b. What is the problem discussed in this text ? (no more than three lines).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. The limited fresh water supplies of the earth are increasingly becoming insufficient to cover the needs

of the exploding human population.

 

c. Several countries in the world are facing water shortages. Discuss the effects such a situation may have on, the economy and population of the country. Write a paragraph (no more than 50 words).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. Drought-stricken areas, inevitably turning barren, lead to a general crop failure thus destroying the country's agricultural production. This, all too often, has a devastating impact on the economy and, sooner or later, leads to widespread unemployment and social unrest.

 

B2 a. Following a long period of drought, your local authority has issued instructions to

prevent waste of water. Write down four of these instructions.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B2. a. 1. Do not leave the tap running while brushing teeth or shaving.

2. Avoid washing your car with a hose.

3. Restrain from excessive use of water while cleaning the house.

4. Watch out for possible leaks.

 

b. You are planning to cross a desert. Which two of the following would you take with you ? Justify your choice.

1. a compass 2. enough water 3. blankets 4. a hat

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. Although the first three items all appear to be indispensable, it seems to me that enough water should be the top priority since water is scarce in any desert. Secondly, to protect myself from the freezing cold of a desert at night and also from the burning sun and possible sandstorms during the day, I would choose to carry some blankets with me.

 

c. Why do you think the writer considers mankind to be the real solution to the problem? Write a paragraph

of about 30 words.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. Because man, by nature, is a wasteful creature and squanders his resources in irrational ways. By adopting a more responsible approach to his natural environment and to living, he will, more than likely, avoid most of his self- inflicted tragedies of the past.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων με θέμα :

Friends or relatives ? Which do you think play the most important role in man's life ?

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Early in childhood our immediate environment, the family, is the one that plays the greatest and most important role in our lives. When we grow up, however, it is friends who exert the most dominating influence on us.

As children we are totally dependent on our family and relatives. It is the family that makes us feel safe and guides us come to grips with the world around us. The absence of the family creates immense problems in a child who is left helpless in a world that is completely baffling and incomprehensible to him.

When we go to school, however, our dependence on parents and other relatives may gradually fade away and our seeking intimate friendships becomes our target. A teenager, for instance, without friends is thought to be a very introverted and insecure person.

After the teenage years, on the other hand, a boyfriend or a girlfriend takes the place of a friend and we hope that he or she will be the right companion for the rest of our life and the father or mother of our children. When it does happen, family and relatives take the first role again.

 THE END Of 1991

 **********************

   

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1992

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

Early in 1991, it was reported that average temperatures on earth the year before had been the highest ever recorded. In fact, six of the seven warmest years on record occurred between 1981 and 1990. Many researchers interpret these data as evidence of a serious, continuing warming of the earth caused by pollutants in the atmosphere that trap heat close to the planet's surface - a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.

Other equally prominent scientists believe, however, that evidence of man - made global warming is not convincing.

Physicist James Trefil says, "I have seen a piece of the 21st century and I don't like it very much. We are going to face serious problems, and will have to face them while the scientific evidence for the seriousness of the problems is clouded by doubt and controversy. Worse, the aspects of scientific knowledge presented to the public will appear contradictory and ambiguous, and will give us little on which to make our decisions."

DIALOGUE, March 1991

Δίνεται : the greenhouse effect : το φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Στις αρχές του 1991 , επιστημονικές αρχές ανέφεραν ότι η μέση θερμοκρασία στη γη κατά το 1990 ήταν η υψηλότερη που σημειώθηκε ποτέ. Στην πραγματικότητα , έξι από τα επτά θερμότερα χρόνια στην παγκόσμια ιστορία σημειώθηκαν μεταξύ 1981 και 1990. Πολλοί ερευνητές ερμηνεύουν αυτά τα δεδομένα σαν αποδεικτικά στοιχεία του γεγονότος, ότι η γη θερμαίνεται, επικίνδυνα και συνεχώς από ρύπους στην ατμόσφαιρα, οι οποίοι παγιδεύουν τη θερμότητα, που βρίσκεται κοντά στην επιφάνεια του πλανήτη, ένα φαινόμενο που είναι γνωστό σαν το φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου.

Άλλοι, εξίσου επιφανείς επιστήμονες, πιστεύουν, όμως, ότι τα υπάρχοντα στοιχεία που συγκλίνουν στο γεγονός ότι η γήινη θέρμανση προκαλείται από τεχνητούς παράγοντες δεν είναι πειστικά.

Ο φυσικός Τζέιμς Τρέφιλ λέει : "Είδα ένα κομμάτι του 21ου αιώνα και δε μ' αρέσει πολύ. Θα αντιμετωπίσουμε σοβαρά προβλήματα και θ' αναγκαστούμε να τα αντιμετωπίσουμε, ενώ τα επιστημονικά αποδεικτικά στοιχεία, που αφορούν τη σοβαρότητα των προβλημάτων, παραμένουν ασαφή, λόγω αμφιβολίας και διαμάχης. Ακόμη χειρότερα, η δημόσια παρουσίαση της επιστημονικής γνώσης θα εμφανιστεί αντιφατική και διφορούμενη και θα βοηθήσει ελάχιστα στη λήψη αποφάσεων.

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

B1. a. Give a title to the above text.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B 1 a. The controversy over the greenhouse effect and its future implications.

 

b. What is the problem discussed in this text? (Write about 25 words).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. The problem discussed in this text is whether the phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect is caused

by natural or artificial factors, a controversy which divides scientists.

 

c. What in your opinion may be the results of the greenhouse effect on the earth and its inhabitants?

(Write about 50 words).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. Among the destructive effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth will be the melting of the ice in the north and south poles, causing massive flooding all over the world. Another likely result will be the increased vaporization of water from the surface of the earth which will lead to a gradual depletion of fresh water resources and the flora and fauna. Another potential threat to people will be a high mortality rate and skin cancer due to the increased penetration of ultra-violet rays in the earth's atmosphere.

 

B2. a. How would you report the information contained in the last paragraph to a friend who wishes to be informed ? (Write about 40 words)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B 2 a. Physicist James Trefil sounded pessimistic about the future. He predicted that we are

in for some serious problems the nature of which will be questioned and disputed by certain circles. This will further aggravate the situation as a divided community will be unable to decide on the right course of action.

 

b. Suppose a heat wave is forecast for this summer and the government has to issue a number of instructions

to the inhabitants of your area. Write down four of these instructions.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. INSTRUCTIONS

1. Avoid exposing yourself directly to the rays of the sun as far as possible.

2. Whenever you absolutely must go out, make sure you wear a hat and stay in shady places.

3. Minimize the consumption of alcohol and eat very light salty meals.

4. Drink plenty of cool water and take regular showers.

 

c. Does the writer of this passage believe that the greenhouse effect is caused by human beings? Give evidence from the passage. (Not more than 30 words).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. In my opinion, no, he doesn't. He appears to be quite impartial on this issue, reporting with objectivity what the current scientific status quo is. The best evidence for this are the sentences: "Many researchers interpret these data as ...", and "Other equally prominent scientists believe, however, that ..."

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων , με θέμα :

"Who is mainly responsible for a child's success or failure at school? Parents or teachers?"

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

In my opinion a child’s success or failure at school depends, to a certain extent, on both parents and teachers as both roles are of crucial importance to him/her. However, a lot depends on the child's aptitude for learning and character, too. So, it is basically the successful combination of all three factors that paves the way for success.

Teachers play a very sensitive and dominant role in a child's life as they are seen as models of knowledge and, more often than not, inspire admiration and respect in a young pupil. Consequently, their basic ideals and opinions about the world, inevitably, exert influence and tend to shape personalities. A pupil at a tender age is bound to be affected negatively though, should the teacher fall short of his teaching duties and treatment of his/her class.

On the other hand, parents, being the first essential instructors of life who shape personalities and beliefs in their children, are the first to lay the foundations of the right conduct and attitude to learning. Their role is transformed as the child grows up, but they should always be eager to offer their help, advice, moral support and encouragement. In the opposite case, the child feels helpless, confused, insecure and potentially at the mercy of wrong guidance.

Given these factors, to fulfil his full potential, a child has to be responsible towards himself, first and foremost and utilize the combined effect of teachers and parents alike if he / she is to develop into a responsible adult.

  THE END Of 1992

 *******************

 

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1993

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

June the 23rd will see the opening of a new museum in Lausanne, Switzerland, home of the International Olympic Committee.

Here, on the shore of Lake Geneva, in a 70 million dollar marble home will be a permanent exhibition of the history and culture of the Games. The museum is destined to capture the imagination of over 250,000 international visitors every year. It will be a living testimony to the spirit of the Olympic Movement founded a century ago by Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

The Olympic Games have confounded sceptics by remaining one of the most conciliatory forces in an imperfect world. This is because de Coubertin realized that sport had values in promoting young people of all races and all political and religious beliefs, to test their strengths against one another in fair play.

"Ask not for victory but for courage", says an ancient Greek maxim. "If you can endure the struggle, you bring honour to us all. Even more, you bring honour to yourself".

Time International

June 28, 1993

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Την 23η Ιουνίου θα γίνουν τα εγκαίνια ενός νέου μουσείου στη Λωζάννη της Ελβετίας, έδρα της Διεθνούς Ολυμπιακής Επιτροπής.

Εδώ στην όχθη της Λίμνης Γενεύης, σ' ένα μαρμάρινο κτίριο , αξίας 70 εκατομμυρίων δολλαρίων, θα στεγάζεται μια μόνιμη έκθεση της ιστορίας και του πνεύματος των Αγώνων. Το μουσείο έχει σαν κύριο στόχο να αιχμαλωτίσει τη φαντασία 250.000 και πλέον επισκεπτών απ' όλο τον κόσμο κάθε χρόνο. Θα αποτελεί ζωντανή μαρτυρία του πνεύματος του Ολυμπιακού Κινήματος, που ιδρύθηκε πριν από έναν αιώνα, από το Βαρώνο Πιέρ ντε Κουμπερτέν.

Οι Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες έχουν φέρει σε αμηχανία τους σκεπτικιστές, παραμένοντας μια από τις πιο ισχυρές δυνάμεις συμφιλίωσης σ' έναν κόσμο με τόσες ατέλειες. Αυτό οφείλεται στο ότι ο Κουμπερτέν αντιλήφθηκε πως ο αθλητισμός είχε αξίες, που προωθούν τους νέους όλων των φυλών και όλων των πολιτικών και θρησκευτικών πεποιθήσεων να δοκιμάζουν τις δυνάμεις τους αντιμέτωποι σ' έναν δίκαιο αγώνα.

"Μη ζητάς τη νίκη, αλλά το θάρρος", λέει ένα αρχαίο ελληνικό απόφθεγμα. "Αν αντέξεις τον αγώνα, μας τιμάς όλους. Ακόμη περισσότερο, τιμάς τον εαυτό σου".

 

B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

B1. a. Give a title to the above text.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B1. a. LIVING TESTIMONY TO A GREAT IDEAL

or

NEW MUSEUM HONOURS OLYMPIC SPIRIT

 

b. Why do you think visitors would be attracted to the new museum in Lausanne?

(Write two or three lines).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. Because they would see the history and culture of the Games in an imaginative display, housed in

luxurious surroundings.

 

c. Discuss the attitude of the ancient Greeks to victory. According to them, is victory the only thing that counts? (Write about 40 words).

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. To the ancient Greeks, winning was not the most important reason for entering a competition. Most important was having the courage to endure the struggle. Honour came from trying one's best, whether or not victory was the result.

or

Apparently, not. Courage, strength and honour are the virtues we should be fighting for. Victory when won, should be shared and not just flatter the winner's ego. Victory is not an end in itself. It is just a step to great achievements.

 

B2. a. How would you report to someone the ancient Greek maxim in the text (Ask... …

yourself) ? Start as follows : The ancient Greeks believed that someone …

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B2. a. The ancient Greeks believed that someone should not ask for victory but for courage.

They stressed the importance of being able to endure the struggle which would bring honour to those around him and , above all, to himself.

 

b. You are representing Greece at a meeting of the International Olympic Committee.

Provide two reasons why the Olympic Games should be held permanently in Greece.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. Ladies and gentlemen,

There are several powerful arguments one could put forward to justify our cause that Greece should be bestowed the right to be the permanent home of the Olympic Games.

First and foremost, Greece is the birthplace of the Olympic Games and the mother of the world's top sporting event which through the years has come to be identified with peace and nobility. I am sure you will all agree that a permanent basis makes an institution more solid.

Secondly, Greece, a symbol of peace in the Balkans and a country with superb climate, has put together an impressive range of athletic facilities along with countless other improvements in public transport and highways. Why build new complexes every four years and waste huge amounts of money when Greece can provide every modern facility and the perfect historical and cultural background for the Games?

Thank you.

 

c. You are a member of the organizing committee of the next celebration of the Olympic Games, to be held in Athens. Give a set of four instructions regarding the conduct (behaviour) of the spectators during the course of the Games.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. STANDARDS FOR SPECTATOR CONDUCT.

In order to promote the spirit of the Olympic Games, spectators are requested to observe the following standards:

1. Please bear in mind the spirit of the Olympic Games and avoid fanaticism. Rise above all political, religious or other differences that might divide you and offer positive encouragement to all competitors.

2. Please be aware of athletes' needs for concentration during their performance. Refrain from making disruptive noises.

3. When entering and leaving the stadium, please use entrances and exits signposted for visitors.

4. Respect the rules of hospitality. Enjoy the facilities provided and help keep them clean and comfortable for others.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων, με θέμα το απόφθεγμα του Andre Malraux :

"A museum is the only place in the world that escapes death".

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Not unjustly, museums have traditionally been regarded as the ideal places for retaining cultural treasures. These treasures become the object of admiration by millions of people through the years and are part of every country's unique history. A museum constantly remains unaffected by outside world developments, preserving and safeguarding culture and history for the generations to come. People are mortal, works of art are not.

There are, of course, certain people who underestimate the role of museums and consider them an unnecessary luxury, especially when they feel that their country faces other needs, which are more vital, in their opinion. However, man is a spiritual being too, and needs to appreciate the surviving aesthetic masterpieces of the past. A visit to a museum brings us closer to exactly this aspect of the human being. It is a way of communicating with other people's history, civilization and culture. It is an everlasting journey in time.

  THE END Of 1993

 *******************

 

  

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1994

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο :

 

Towns and communities twinned with others abroad often host groups from the "twin", with accommodation offered in family homes.

Sometimes, teenage guests need entertaining as well as feeding and it's the constant worry that the visitor is homesick or bored or irritated by the family's funny little ways that can put a lot of pressure on hosts - and on their parents in particular.

However, when things work well, the benefits of hosting and exchanging are great, with long-lasting friendships common. Patricia, a veteran of five summers' exchanges, reports that her sons have all made great strides in French and German, while others see an even wider benefit. "I think it's important from the point of view of international understanding", says Bridget, who acts as paid host to three or four young people every year. "If we treat them right, they'll treat us right."

Community education officer Pete Stout, who has been involved with group exchanges for many years, feels the same. "It's not an overstatement", he insists, "to say that it contributes to peace in the world."

H. Welford, The Guardian, March 23, 1993

Δίνεται : "twinned" = αδελφοποιημένες

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Πόλεις και κοινότητες αδελφοποιημένες με άλλες στο εξωτερικό συχνά φιλοξενούν ομάδες από την "αδελφή " πόλη προσφέροντας στέγη μέσα σε οικογένειες.

Μερικές φορές οι έφηβοι φιλοξενούμενοι έχουν ανάγκη τόσο διασκέδασης όσο και διατροφής και υπάρχει η συνεχής ανησυχία ότι ο επισκέπτης νοσταλγεί την πατρίδα του ή βαριέται ή εκνευρίζεται από τις παράξενες μικροιδιοτροπίες της οικογένειας, πράγμα που μπορεί να αποβεί πολύ καταπιεστικό για τους οικοδεσπότες και ιδιαίτερα για τους γονείς τους.

Ωστόσο, όταν τα πράγματα πηγαίνουν καλά, τα οφέλη της φιλοξενίας και της ανταλλαγής είναι σημαντικά με σύνηθες επακόλουθο τις μακροχρόνιες φιλίες. Η Πατρίσια, μια βετεράνος πέντε καλοκαιρινών ανταλλαγών, αναφέρει ότι οι γιοι της έχουν κάνει αλματώδη πρόοδο στα Γαλλικά και Γερμανικά, ενώ άλλοι αναγνωρίζουν ένα ακόμη ευρύτερο όφελος. "Νομίζω ότι είναι σημαντικό από την άποψη της διεθνούς αλληλοκατανόησης", λέει η Μπρίτζετ, η οποία παίζει το ρόλο του οικοδεσπότη, επί πληρωμή, για τρία ή τέσσερα νεαρά άτομα κάθε χρόνο. "Αν τους φερθούμε σωστά, θα μας φερθούν σωστά".

Ο υπεύθυνος για τα εκπαιδευτικά θέματα της κοινότητας, Pete Stout, ο οποίος εδώ και πολλά χρόνια ασχολείται με ανταλλαγές ομάδων, πιστεύει το ίδιο. "Δεν είναι υπερβολή", επιμένει, "να πει κανείς ότι το πρόγραμμα ανταλλαγής συμβάλλει στην παγκόσμια ειρήνη".

H. Welford, The Guardian, 23 Μαρτίου 1993.

 

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

Β1. a. Suggest an appropriate title and a subtitle for the newspaper article from which this extract has

been taken.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B1. a. Title: Hosting and exchanging between twinned countries.

or International understanding through hosting and exchanging

Subtitle: The effects of summer group exchanges between countries.

οr Twinned towns and communities for a more peaceful world.

 

b. This article is addressed to teenagers and to parents. Why do you think it is of interest to both of them? (about 40 words)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. It is first of all addressed to teenagers since they are the first who are going to enjoy the benefits of visiting a foreign country. As for parents, it will give them the chance to help their children realize the importance of international friendship and understanding without borders.

 

c. According to the text, what are some of the reasons for which parents should let their children join a foreign exchange programme? (about 30 words)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. Children will have the opportunity to improve their knowledge of foreign languages, make new friends, and develop an international sense of responsibility concerning our world.

 

B2. a. Your mother has been trying to convince you to join a foreign exchange programme

and stay with a host family in Britain. You, however, disagree. Give your mother some of the reasons for

which you wouldn't like to go . (about 40 words)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

B2. a. I have never been abroad before and the idea makes me feel uncomfortable. Also, I don't think I will be able to communicate my ideas in a foreign language and what's more, I refuse to stay under the same roof with people I've never met and know nothing about. Besides, I may be laughed at for not understanding their way of life or sense of humour, and that will upset me.

 

b. You have been hosting teenagers from abroad for some time. Give two pieces of advice to a friend of yours who has offered to accommodate three foreign students.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

b. If I were you, I would try to make them feel at home so that they won't feel homesick or bored. Furthermore, you had better not tease them since being in a strange environment they may be sensitive to any funny remarks. On the whole, try to be as pleasant, patient and understanding as possible.

 

c. Do you agree that "hosting and exchanging contribute to peace in the world" or do you find this an overstatement? Justify your answer. (about 50 words)

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

c. Hosting and exchanging may contribute to a better understanding between countries since in this way foreign cultures come into contact. As a result, people get accustomed to different ways of thinking and lifestyles, and mutual understanding is established. However, as for "peace in the world" I don't think that our good will and eagerness will ever be enough to attain it.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων με θέμα :

Your school is taking part in a campaign to protect the environment and has undertaken to clean some of the local beaches on the following weekend. As a member of the organizing committee, write a letter to your fellow students in order to inform them of the project and to ask for their help. In your letter, you'll have to present them with arguments about the importance of the environment and of student participation in the life of the community, so that they'll be persuaded to sacrifice their weekend and participate (tell them also what fun it can be!)

Begin your letter with Dear friends and end it with The Organizing Committee.

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Dear friends,

We are writing this letter to inform you that a campaign is being undertaken to clean up some of the local beaches next weekend, and would like you to participate in it.

Unfortunately, rusty tins, broken bottles and plastic bags not only ruin the natural beauty of the place but they also become a source of pollution. Moreover, they may become the cause of a serious accident to anyone who visits the beach to enjoy a walk or a swim.

As you understand, your participation is essential because such a polluted environment is a health hazard. Besides that, it may drive tourists away thus hurting the economy of our community. We have decided to work together on this project, something that we think will keep both sides alert and sensitive to one of the most serious problems facing our planet nowadays. With the participation of your school friends, the cleaning-up will be an easy task as well as a lot of fun.

We are looking forward to seeing you next weekend.

Sincerely yours,

The Organizing Committee.

THE END Of 1994

********************* 

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1995

 

A. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

If anyone should ask you the price of hope, tell them it's 65 cents a day. That's what it costs to sponsor a child through "Save the Children".

Many children around the world lead lives of such poverty they have given up hope of ever escaping. They face illness, hunger and deprivation . . . struggles their families have known for generations.

But you can help change that. You can make a difference.

You'll have the opportunity to know this child personally, through photographs and reports. You'll feel the personal reward of seeing what your love and support can do.

Because 57 years of experience has taught us that direct handouts are the least effective way of helping children, your contributions are not distributed in this way. Instead, they are used to help children in the most effective way possible - by helping the entire community with projects and services such as health care, education, food production, and nutrition.

Sponsoring a child through "Save the Children" costs only $20 a month. The cost is so little, the rewards are so great. Won't you become a "Save the Children" sponsor today? Fill out the coupon below, and help bring hope to a child.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Εάν κάποιος σας ρωτήσει πόσο κοστίζει η ελπίδα, πείτε του η τιμή της είναι 65 σεντς την ημέρα. Τόσο κοστίζει

να καλύψεις τα καθημερινά έξοδα ενός παιδιού μέσω του προγράμματος "Σώστε τα παιδιά"

Πολλά παιδιά σε όλο τον κόσμο ζουν σε συνθήκες τόσο μεγάλης φτώχειας, ώστε έχουν εγκαταλείψει κάθε

ελπίδα ότι κάποτε μπορεί να ξεφύγουν. Αντιμετωπίζουν αρρώστιες, πείνα και στερήσεις; δεινά που οι οικογένειες

τους υφίστανται εδώ και γενεές.

Εσείς όμως μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε να αλλάξει αυτή η κατάσταση. Μπορείτε να συμβάλλετε πραγματικά. Θα

έχετε την ευκαιρία να γνωρίσετε αυτό το παιδί προσωπικά μέσα από φωτογραφίες και σχετικές αναφορές.

Θα ανταμειφθείτε προσωπικά βλέποντας τι μπορεί πραγματικά να κάνει η αγάπη και η υποστήριξη σας.

Μετά από 57 χρόνια εμπειρίας διδαχτήκαμε ότι ο λιγότερο αποτελεσματικός τρόπος να βοηθηθούν τα παιδιά

είναι να τους παραδίδονται προσωπικά τα χρήματα, γι' αυτό και οι συνεισφορές σας δεν διανέμονται με αυτόν

τον τρόπο.

Αντίθετα τα χρήματα αυτά χρησιμοποιούνται για να βοηθήσουν τα παιδιά με τον πλέον αποτελεσματικό τρόπο.

 - βοηθώντας ολόκληρη την κοινότητα με υπηρεσίες όπως ιατρική φροντίδα, εκπαίδευση, παραγωγή τροφής

και διατροφή.

Για να γίνει κανείς ανάδοχος ενός παιδιού μέσω του "Σώστε τα παιδιά" χρειάζονται μόνο 20 δολάρια τον μήνα.

Το κόστος είναι πολύ μικρό για τόση μεγάλη ανταμοιβή. Γιατί λοιπόν να μην γίνετε ανάδοχος του

"Σώστε τα παιδιά" σήμερα κιόλας συμπληρώστε το κουπόνι και βοηθήστε μας να δώσουμε ελπίδα

σε ένα παιδί.

 

B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :

B1. a. The heading of this text is the word "hope". In a child's handwriting. Why is this heading appropriate? Give two reasons.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Firstly, this title summarises in one word the entire meaning of the text, which is all about giving hope.

Secondly, the child's handwriting is appropriate for emotional reasons: it illustrates rather than describes

the effect that sponsoring a child will have.

 

b. The following part has been omitted from the original text.

"You can help bring pure water to a child's community, a school to his village, or health care to his family . . . the things that can bring hope to a child's eyes, strength to his body, and nourishment to his mind".

Indicate where this part belongs by writing down the last five words of the sentence before it. Explain why it should be there.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

"education, food production and nutrition". This kind of help described in the passage above is more specific

than the description of its previous sentence. Therefore it could be put there to refer to the kind of help

described in that sentence by providing examples of it.

 

c. The writer of this text obviously appeals to the reader's emotions. How does he/she achieve this? Mention two ways.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

First of all, the writer constantly refers to suffering children and the help that can be provided to them, which

is a matter that can affect most people. Second, the writer stresses the kind of personal involvement that

that "Save the Children" is all about, as being able to see the results of their efforts is expected to motivate

potential sponsors.

 

B2. a. The text is accompanied by a picture. Think and decide what this picture shows and describe it in 50 words.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Since the text is about hope, the picture should not be a depressing one. It may include a scene in a third

World country, where a well has just been opened and the water is spouting high in the air, with children

laughing and playing all around it.

 

b. The governing board of "Save the Children" decides to make a statement for the newspapers thanking the millions of their sponsors. Write the (30 word) statement.

Begin with: Our organization . . .

Sign as: The members of the governing board.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Our organization would like to express its gratitude to the millions of citizens that replied to our cause.

Only with your support can this world become a better place.

The members of the governing board.

 

c. You are a journalist preparing to interview the secretary of the "Save the Children" organization. Write four questions to ask.

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

1. In which countries around the world so far have you helped communities to survive?

2. Are donations from sponsoring children enough to help you in your efforts or do you rely on other

    sources as well?

3. How many people have become sponsors so far?

4. What would you say to all those that are thinking about becoming sponsors but have not yet decided on it?

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων με θέμα :

Your school is publishing a brochure in English to help a group of European students that will be visiting different schools in your hometown for two weeks. You have been asked to write a short text informing visitors about certain habits that they may find different and they will have to get accustomed to while they are visiting.

 ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

One of the exciting things about going to a foreign country is that everything is so different to the way things

are back home. This of course can be both a negative and positive thing. It all depends on how you deal

with the local customs and social etiquette.

  In Greece, people are used to seeing an abundance of foreign visitors and as a consequence, tourists tend

to be welcomed in a friendly manner. Greek hospitality is renowned throughout the world but there may be some forms of behaviour that  people from other nations might find hard to understand or accept.

   For one thing, people tend to be fairly loud and excitable. To the foreign ear, it may seem as if people are

having an argument or are angry when in reality they are probably just expressing an opinion in a

demonstrative way.

   Something that many nationalities find particularly annoying is the Greek reluctance to queue for things,

especially at bus stops and in shops and cafes. This, unfortunately, is just something that you will have to

get used to if you come to Greece.

   The best way to deal with new of different situations is to remain polite and calm and to observe and

learn from what the locals do.

THE END Of 1995

 ************************

   

University Exams

Πανελλαδικές εξετάσεις – Ειδικό μάθημα – ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ

Θέματα πανελλαδικών εξετάσεων της Αγγλικής γλώσσας του έτους 1996

 

A.  Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιο σας στην Ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο.

Προσδίδοντας την μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε

Ελληνικό έντυπο.

    A computerized world may show some surprising side effects. For instance, it can initiate a decentralization

of society.

   The proper use of computers and communications satellites will make it unnecessary to travel, as long as transfer of information is all that is required. There will be a lower need to gather in large clusters of humanity, since no one must be near the job, or near another person. Increasingly, people will be able to live where they choose.

The world will become still smaller, and as international and intercontinental communication becomes more commonplace, English (already the international language of business, science and diplomacy) will continue to spread. It is possible that to it will be added tricks of vocabulary and grammar from various other languages,

so that a kind of self-developing international language will arise that will not be quite English and that, its very existence, will help promote a feeling of planetary togetherness.

   In fact, if we are not to have a nuclear war, or even if we keep the peace - there will have to be some way of making sure that the feeling of planetary togetherness increases over the next 25 years. And what better way than with language?  

American Studies Newsletter, September 1989

 

ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:

Ένας κόσμος που λειτουργεί με υπολογιστές μπορεί να παρουσιάσει μερικές πολύ περίεργες παρενέργειες.

Για παράδειγμα μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε αποκέντρωση της κοινωνίας. Με την κατάλληλη χρήση των υπολογιστών

και των επικοινωνιακών δορυφόρων τα ταξίδια θα γίνουν περιττά, καθώς θα είναι απαραίτητη μόνο η μεταφορά πληροφοριών.

Η ανάγκη να ζουν μαζί μεγάλος αριθμός ανθρώπων θα μειωθεί, αφού κανείς δεν θα χρειάζεται να ζει κοντά στη δουλειά του ή σε άλλους ανθρώπους. Όσο περνάει ο καιρός οι άνθρωποι θα μπορούν να ζουν όπου τους αρέσει.

Ο κόσμος θα γίνει ακόμη μικρότερος, και η Αγγλική γλώσσα (που είναι ήδη η διεθνής γλώσσα των επιχειρήσεων, των επιστημών και της διπλωματίας) θα συνεχίσει να εξαπλώνεται καθώς η διεθνής και διηπειρωτική επικοινωνία θα θεωρείται περισσότερο δεδομένη. Είναι πιθανό να προστεθούν σε αυτήν στοιχεία λεξιλογίου και γραμματικής από

διάφορες άλλες γλώσσες, έτσι ώστε να αναπτυχθεί μόνο του ένα είδος διεθνούς γλώσσας που δεν θα είναι ακριβώς Αγγλικά και μόνο η ύπαρξη του οποίου θα συμβάλλει στην ανάπτυξη ενός συναισθήματος παγκόσμιας αλληλεγγύης. Για την ακρίβεια, εάν θέλουμε να αποφύγουμε ένα πυρηνικό πόλεμο, ή να διατηρήσουμε γενικά την ειρήνη, θα πρέπει να υπάρξει κάποιος τρόπος ώστε να διασφαλισθεί η ανάπτυξη του συναισθήματος παγκόσμιας αλληλεγγύης για τα επόμενα 25 χρόνια. Και ποιος τρόπος είναι καλύτερος από τη γλώσσα για αυτό το σκοπό;

 

Β. Να γράψετε στο τετράδιο τις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις και να απαντήσετε στα αγγλικά.

B.1 a.  What sort of readers would be particularly interested in reading this text? justify your answer.

Απάντηση:

People interested in this text could be sociologists generally interested in futurological

theories. The reason is that the text describes aspects of the future of human

communities on earth, and the effect it will have globally.

 

b.  What subtitle would you give to this text titled 'life in the 31st century ?

      Give two (2) reasons for your choice.

Απάντηση:

"A world without borders". Firstly such a subtitle fits the text, as it describes precisely a word where boundaries will not exist, either for physical or linguistic contact between people. Second, the title could not be more specific since the writer touches on many different subjects to make his point.

 

c. The writer of this text refers to the feeling of 'planetary togetherness'. How can this

     feeling be established? Justify it in your own words. (not more than 30 words)

Απάντηση:

Feelings of distance are due to difficulty in communication. Since communication with any

part of the world will be extremely easy and direct through technology, people will not

feel separated.

 

B2a.  "The proper use of computers and communications satellites will make it unnecessary to

      travel as long as transfer of information is all that is required"  Give two (2) more

      examples, besides travelling, to justify this statement.

Απάντηση:

1. People will not have to leave their house to go to work, as using a computer will

make it possible for them to be there virtually, physical presence is not required

for non-physical work.

2. Computers will be designed to perform medical surgeries, and therefore, theoretically

the doctor could be operating the computer from practically anywhere in the world.

 

b.  Imagine that you are a journalist and you are interviewing a specialist on computers

about the side effects of computers on culture. Write a dialogue between you and the

specialist. (not more than 50 words)

Απάντηση:

- Are personal relations to 'die' with the use of computers?

- I don't know about dying, but they will surely be on a more 'virtual' level.

- Are there people willing to do that?

- Given the theoretically unlimited potentials of information technology, some are

   willing to pay the price, I assure you.

 

c. Use your information creatively to write the advertisement about computers and

    communications. (not more than 30 words)

Απάντηση:

If technology is your problem, We have the answer! We in Cyber store know all there is to

know about computers and communications. Benefit now from prices that only we can

offer you.

 

C. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:

Give a detailed announcement of a new journal for Greek teenagers that you will publish.

(Include such details as: the title, the aims, the readers, the issues per year/month/week,

contents, subscriptions, etc.)

Απάντηση:

       "Live your life" - The exciting new journal for Greek teenagers.

Coming soon to a newsagent near you. The hottest, newest journal to deal with all

aspects of teenage life. "Live your life" is written by a vibrant team of smart young

writers who are really in touch with the teenage scene in Greece.

       This weekly magazine will have a number of regular features such as sport,

entertainment, fashion, health, education and relationships. It will also feature

exclusive interviews with both celebrities and everyday people who are doing something

special with their life.

       The aim of "Live your life" is to encourage young people to do exactly that; to be

the best they can at what they do and more importantly to do something that they

are passionate about and really want to do.

       Take this chance to reserve your first copy of "Live your life". The first issue will

have a subscription coupon so that you can have this great new journal delivered to

your house every week. And as a special celebratory gif, the first issue will come free

with a brand new "Live your life" diary.

THE END Of 1996

********************* 

   

 ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1997

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

Jon Stone’s gift was to teach children useful things while they were falling about with laughter or gripped by a story. Millions of otherwise deprived children have learnt at least the rudiments of knowledge - counting and spelling - by watching ‘Sesame Street’, an American television show that Mr. Stone helped to create. It doesn’t sound much, numbers and letters, but unless you make a start you’ll never become a brain surgeon. Many Americans who got to university were happy to acknowledge that they grew up on ‘Sesame Street’.

The intellectual approval posed a question for Jon Stone. Was it enough to see the programme as no more than a primer for numbers and letters, however ingeniously they were put across? Clearly it was not. ‘Sesame Street’ boldly set out to offer viewers something of what it called the rich pattern of life. Real people, such as a blind man and a mute woman, were introduced. Blacks, Hispanics and American Indians made their appearance.

‘Sesame Street’ has been singled out by some for being politically correct. Fortunately, it is not. Most of the time Jon Stone was a subversive. The characters for which he wrote are splendid parodies of people. He was happiest sticking a pin into ‘correctness’ of any kind.

The Economist, April 5th 1997

Δίνεται: Hispanics: Ισπανόφωνοι, primer: αναγνωστικό.

Απάντηση:

O Jon Stone είχε το χάρισμα να διδάσκει στα παιδιά χρήσιμα πράγματα, ενώ αυτά λυνόταν στα γέλια ή άκουγαν συνεπαρμένα μια ιστορία. Εκατομμύρια παιδιών, που σε κάθε άλλη περίπτωση, θα έμεναν στερημένα από μόρφωση, έχουν πάρει τουλάχιστον τις βασικές γνώσεις αριθμητικής και ορθογραφίας παρακολουθώντας το πρόγραμμα ‘Sesame Street ’, ένα Αμερικανικό τηλεοπτικό πρόγραμμα , το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε με τη βοήθεια του κ. Stone. Δεν ακούγεται σαν κάτι σπουδαίο, μόνον αριθμοί και γράμματα, αλλά αν δεν κάνεις μια αρχή, ποτέ δε θα γίνεις χειρούργος εγκεφάλου. Πολλοί Αμερικανοί, που μπήκαν στο Πανεπιστήμιο δήλωσαν με χαρά ότι μεγάλωσαν με το πρόγραμμα ‘Sesame Street’.

Ωστόσο, ετέθη ένα ερώτημα στον Jon Stone ως προς την πνευματική αποδοχή του προγράμματος. Ήταν άραγε αρκετό να δει κανείς το πρόγραμμα σαν τίποτε περισσότερο από ένα αναγνωστικό αριθμών και γραμμάτων παρά τον έξυπνο τρόπο που αυτά μεταδίδονταν ; Είναι ξεκάθαρο πως όχι. Το πρόγραμμα ‘Sesame Street’ ξεκίνησε τολμηρά να προσφέρει στους θεατές ένα μέρος απ' αυτό που ονομάσθηκε πολυμορφία της ζωής. Παρουσίασε πραγματικούς ανθρώπους, όπως έναν τυφλό άνδρα και μια βουβή γυναίκα. Επίσης, Μαύροι, Ισπανόφωνοι και Ινδιάνοι της Αμερικής εμφανίστηκαν σε αυτό.

Για μερικούς η εκπομπή ‘Sesame Street’ ξεχώρισε επειδή ήταν πολιτικά ορθή. Ευτυχώς δεν είναι. Τις περισσότερες φορές ο Jon Stone ήταν ανατρεπτικός. Οι χαρακτήρες που δημιούργησε είναι έξοχες παρωδίες ανθρώπων. Ήταν ιδιαίτερα ευτυχής όταν στηλίτευε κάθε μορφή ‘ορθότητας’.

The Economist, 5 Απριλίου 1997

 

B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

B1. a. Provide a title for the above text and justify your answer.

Απάντηση:

Β1α. "The Contribution of Sesame Street to American Education and Social Awareness". Besides helping children to learn the basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic, ‘Sesame Street’ has helped them to become aware of the differences among people and thus has made them more tolerant of these differences.

 

b. What do you think the writer means by ‘otherwise deprived children’ in the first paragraph?

(About 30 words):

Απάντηση:

b. Children coming from a poor family background who lack the things that are considered necessary for a comfortable and happy life. Their only opportunity to learn is through ‘Sesame Street’, otherwise they would be illiterate.

 

c. Why do you think the phrase ‘sticking a pin’ in the last paragraph is appropriate in this text?

(About 30 words)

Απάντηση:

c. It is appropriate in this text because by presenting minorities and groups of people with physical defects, Jon Stone questioned the values of the American social system and showed that in society there’s a pattern of life beyond the ‘correct’ image broadcast by the media.

 

B2 a. ‘Blacks, Hispanics and American Indians made their appearance’ (2nd paragraph)

What message could the appearance of such people convey to young children, especially in America ?

(About 30 words)

Απάντηση:

B2 a. It is the duty of the media to present ethnic minorities as an inseparable part of American society so that the image of a multiracial society where people co-exist peacefully together without racial discrimination is conveyed to the young generation.

 

b. You are a young American who grew up on ‘Sesame Street’ and is now at University. Write a paragraph saying what the show offered you as a child. (About 40 words).

Απάντηση:

b. When I recall those hard times of my childhood with my father being unemployed and me having to get a job to help my family make ends meet, ‘Sesame Street’ was the single thing in my life then I was looking forward to every week. This is how I learnt the rudiments of knowledge. Through a passion for knowledge because of my ill-fate, I progressed by leaps and bounds and here I am now at University. I express my deep gratitude to you Mr. Stone for showing me the way. Keep up the good work.

 

c. Imagine you are a teacher. Do you think that a child learns better while having fun? (About 40 words).

Απάντηση:

c. I have been a dedicated teacher for many years and I can state categorically that children become really interested in the lesson, when I use fun activities such as role playing and group competitions to motivate my students to participate in the learning process more actively. In this way, I believe even the shyest student can be encouraged to become an active participant.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120-150 λέξεων με θέμα :

You have been asked to write an article about the lives of young people for an international young people’s magazine. Describe two or three ways in which young people in your town or city spend their leisure time, and suggest two or three improvements in the existing facilities or the creation of two or three new ones.

Απάντηση:

The aim of this article is to describe young people’s life nowadays and at the same time delve into the ways in which they spend their leisure time.

To begin with, young people's life styles today are completely different from those of past generations. Living in a harsh and competitive society, they find themselves under constant pressure to rise to the challenges of modern times and make the grade as successful members of our society. Competition in the fields of education and future careers is so fierce and puts such a great strain on them that quite a few inevitably see their efforts come to nothing and their dreams for a better future in tatters.

It is plain to see that such a state of affairs leaves little room for personal recreation as free time has become a scarce commodity for most teenagers. When it does become available, it is utilised in a number of ways according to personal tastes and interests. Most commonly young people enjoy socializing in bars and cafes, which are usually packed with standing people. A good many of them will prolong their stay there exchanging ideas and at the same time pursuing new interesting acquaintances. Joining sport clubs is a popular option for the more athletic-minded as the need for physical activity is also seen as an attempt to let off steam from academic pressures. Many will stay on in basketball or tennis courts till late in the evening and quite a few are seen in tracksuits even in the streets of town . Computer centres always remain immensely popular with the young attracting large masses of them . Now that the Internet offers instant access to just about any source of information and more and more cafeterias have begun to offer paid connection to the Internet, a relatively new pastime appears to be gaining ground as the young can, in this way, combine socializing with electronic entertainment and education.

It is self-evident that these current trends dictate a new kind of state infrastructure in terms of building facilities. Attempts are being made by the local authorities to improve the existing ones and create new ones but, as is usually the case, adequate state funding is always the stumbling block. Ideas exist, but their implementation will probably take years. Ideally, a wide range of recreational , sports and study centres would provide the solution to the modern needs of the young encouraging and motivating them to spend their leisure time constructively.

THE END Of 1997 

 ****************** 

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1998

 

A. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας , στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

The Boards of the Royal College of Music in England have painted a bleak picture of the decline in school instrumental tuition for all age groups.

In the independent sector, however, some schools are moving in the opposite direction. The classic example is Millfield School, which for the first time in its history has appointed a composer - in - residence.

Mark Emney, 43, a composer who has written extensively for television, film and theatre, is now into his third term in what he believes to be a unique post.

This term, in addition to working with the school on his own composition, Mr. Emney is giving up Saturday mornings to help pupils to record their work on a CD. ‘I could write lots of pieces for my own ego but the most rewarding thing is to go into the classroom and find a key that opens a door for the youngsters.’

Above all, he believes, music has to be accessible. ‘I try not to make it too complicated.’

Indeed, Mr. Emney’s entire philosophy of music education is based on its universality. ‘If I was asked to justify the programme,’ he adds, ‘I would say that it helps to unify the school. And it generates a feeling of well-being’.

Nigel Williamson, The Times, June 5 1998

Δίνεται: composer - in residence: μόνιμος συνθέτης

Απάντηση:

Τα μέλη του Συμβουλίου του Βασιλικού Κολεγίου Μουσικής στην Αγγλία έχουν περιγράψει με μελανά χρώματα την παρακμή στην διδασκαλία της ενόργανης μουσικής στα σχολεία για όλες τις ηλικίες.

Στον ανεξάρτητο / ιδιωτικό τομέα, ωστόσο, κάποια σχολεία κινούνται προς την αντίθετη κατεύθυνση. Το κλασσικό παράδειγμα είναι το σχολείο Millfield , το οποίο για πρώτη φορά στην ιστορία του έχει διορίσει ένα μόνιμο συνθέτη.

Ο Mark Emney, ένας 43χρονος συνθέτης, που έχει γράψει εκτενώς για την τηλεόραση, τον κινηματογράφο και το θέατρο, διανύει τώρα την τρίτη του περίοδο σε μια θέση που ο ίδιος θεωρεί μοναδική.

Αυτό το τρίμηνο, εκτός από το ότι επιμελείται της δικής του σύνθεσης σε συνεργασία με το σχολείο, ο κ. Emney διαθέτει τα πρωινά του Σαββάτου για να βοηθήσει τους μαθητές να καταγράψουν τη δουλειά τους σε CD. ‘Θα μπορούσα να γράψω πολλά κομμάτια για την προσωπική μου ικανοποίηση, αλλά αυτό που με ικανοποιεί περισσότερο από ηθικής πλευράς είναι να μπαίνω στην τάξη και να βρίσκω ένα κλειδί που ανοίγει μια πόρτα στους νέους’.

Πάνω απ΄ όλα, πιστεύει, η μουσική πρέπει να είναι προσιτή σε όλους. ‘Προσπαθώ να μην την κάνω υπερβολικά περίπλοκη’.

Πράγματι, ολόκληρη η φιλοσοφία του κ.Emney για τη μουσική παιδεία βασίζεται στην παγκοσμιότητά / οικουμενικότητά της. ‘Αν μου ζητούσαν να δικαιολογήσω το πρόγραμμα’, προσθέτει, ‘θα έλεγα ότι βοηθάει στην ενοποίηση του σχολείου. Και δημιουργεί ένα συναίσθημα ευημερίας’.

 

B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

B1 a. Suggest an appropriate title for the above text.

Απάντηση:

Β1. a. Professional musician appointed in private school.

 

b. Do you think that Mr. Emney’s musical experience helped him in his new post? Justify your answer.

(not more than 40 words)

Απάντηση:

b. The fact that Mr. Emney has written music extensively for a variety of fields means that he has acquired a wide experience of the subject and is ready to give his privileged students a real insight into music.

 

c. What does Mr. Emney mean by ‘... it generates a feeling of well-being’?

(not more than 30 words)

Απάντηση:

c. He means that after he has helped unify the school with music, school children are brought closer together with a new sense of co-operation and creativity. Once again, music has broken the barriers.

 

B2 a. In your opinion, how does music unify a school? (not more than 40 words)

Απάντηση:

B2 a. Being a kind of universal language , music is a vehicle for communicating ideas, feelings and a sort of common goal, a shared vision. So it generates a sense of unity among the students of the school.

 

b. Could the example of Millfield School be followed by a Greek State School? What are the difficulties and prejudices which need to be overcome? (not more than 50 words)

Απάντηση:

b. Theoretically, it could. All is needed is a bold step on the part of the ministry and a change in the attitude of teachers and students , as music has been traditionally undervalued as a school subject, not to mention cases where music is even out of the school curriculum.

 

c. Do you believe that a composer can be a successful teacher too? (not more than 50 words)

Απάντηση:

c. I most certainly do. If he transferred his musical knowledge to education using the harmony and discipline of music during and after lessons and above all believed in the intrinsic value of what he was doing, he could certainly bring a new and promising approach to teaching.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Television has helped improve the standards of education. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Απάντηση:

Whether television can contribute to learning and provide the right stimuli for young people to help them increase their knowledge and understanding depends entirely on the kind of programmes they are exposed to.

Television can be an excellent contributing factor to learning if more educational programmes were broadcast during the early evening hours when so many children watch television. For instance, a child watching a documentary on the pollution of the environment may come up with questions about it. Documentaries and debates about current affairs such as the problem of AIDS, drugs and so on can be really informative and increase the awareness of many youngsters.

However, the reality is harsher than we could have imagined. With the exception of one or sometimes two state channels, which do present a wide range of documentaries on various topics, all the other private channels care only about the commercial viability of their programmes and totally ignore educational needs. Inappropriate and obscene language, purely materialistic ideals and frivolous programmes of zero educational content continually parade in front of the TV screen making one wonder if TV channels ever cared about the sensitive eyes and hearts watching all these. The purpose of TV as an educational means is thus defeated.

To sum up, a certain minority of TV programmes does improve the standards of education whereas the vast majority of them undermines any desire for serious learning and sullies the image of television as an educational means.

THE END Of 1998 

 *********************

 

 

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

ΙΟΥΛΙΟΣ 1999

A. Nα αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο :

 

Europe is a continent that loves languages.

From an early age, schoolchildren toil over difficult foreign verbs. Bookstores and news-stands keep multilingual stocks, and advertisers and television broadcasters think nothing of mixing, say, German, English and French.

But all this shrinks into insignificance compared with the polyglot goings-on at the headquarters of the European Union in Brussels.

The 15-country Union operates with 11 official languages. As a result, the European Union-which would fit into the United States with room to spare-maintains the largest translation staff in the world.

It is a gargantuan enterprise, by any standard. The United Nations, with its 185 members, has just five official languages.

And the European repertory is expected to grow. With talks under way on plans for 10 Central and East European countries to join the union, even ardent linguists agree that a Tower of Babel looms.

No wonder then that every so often someone tries to shrink this enormous linguistic bureaucracy. Not long ago, France and Austria proposed that for most purposes the organization’s languages should be limited to five: French, German, English, Italian and Spanish. In the outcry that followed, led by the deeply stung Danes, Dutch and Greeks, the idea was shelved.

International Herald Tribune, Saturday-Sunday,

February 27-28, 1999

Απάντηση:

Η Ευρώπη είναι μια ήπειρος που αγαπά τις γλώσσες.

Από μικρές ηλικίες, οι μαθητές βασανίζονται για να μάθουν δύσκολα ρήματα σε ξένες γλώσσες. Βιβλιοπωλεία και περίπτερα διατηρούν αποθέματα ξενόγλωσσων εντύπων και οι διαφημιστές και οι εκφωνητές της τηλεόρασης δεν διστάζουν να αναμείξουν, παραδείγματος χάριν, τη γερμανική με την αγγλική και τη γαλλική.

Αυτό όμως καταλήγει να θεωρείται άνευ σημασίας συγκρινόμενο με την πολυγλωσσία που επικρατεί στη Διεύθυνση της Ευρωπαϊκής 'Ενωσης στις Βρυξέλλες.

Η Ευρωπαϊκή 'Ενωση των 15 χωρών λειτουργεί με 11 επίσημες γλώσσες. Ως αποτέλεσμα (της πολυγλωσσίας), η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, το μέγεθος της οποίας είναι πολύ μικρότερο σε έκταση από των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών, διατηρεί τον μεγαλύτερο αριθμό μεταφραστικού προσωπικού στον κόσμο.

Είναι μια γιγαντιαία επιχείρηση από κάθε άποψη. Ο Οργανισμός Ενωμένων Εθνών, με τα 185 μέλη του, χρησιμοποιεί μόνο 5 επίσημες γλώσσες.

Και το Ευρωπαϊκό ρεπερτόριο των γλωσσών αναμένεται να αυξηθεί. Με τις συζητήσεις που βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη και αφορούν σχέδια για προσάρτηση 10 Κεντρικών και Ανατολικών Ευρωπαϊκών χωρών στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, ακόμη και οι πιο ένθερμοι (υποστηρικτές της πολυγλωσσίας) γλωσσολόγοι συμφωνούν ότι επίκειται ένας νέος Πύργος της Βαβέλ.

Δεν είναι να απορεί κανείς λοιπόν, ότι σε μόνιμη βάση κάποιος προσπαθεί να περιορίσει αυτή την τεράστια γλωσσική γραφειοκρατία. Πρόσφατα, η Γαλλία και η Αυστρία πρότειναν, για τις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις, ο οργανισμός να μειώσει τις γλώσσες σε πέντε: Γαλλικά, Γερμανικά, Αγγλικά, Ιταλικά και Ισπανικά. Λόγω της διαμαρτυρίας που ακολούθησε, στην οποία πρωτοστάτησαν οι πολύ ενοχλημένοι Δανοί, Ολλανδοί και Έλληνες, η ιδέα δεν υλοποιήθηκε (μπήκε στο περιθώριο).

 

B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

B1 a. Give a title and a subtitle to the above text.

Απάντηση:

Β1. a. Title: The Problem of Multilingualism in EU.

Subtitle: The European Tower of Babel.

 

b. Find three phrases that the author of the text uses to illustrate the problem of multilingualism in EU.

Απάντηση:

b. 1) Schoolchildren toil over difficult foreign verbs.

2) Even ardent linguists agree that a Tower of Babel looms.

3) As a result the European Union - which would fit into the United States with room to spare - maintains the largest translation staff in the world.

 

c. Write the two comparisons that the author makes to illustrate the problem mentioned in question b.

Απάντηση:

c. 1) But all this shrinks into insignificance compared with the polyglot going-ons at the headquarters of the European Union in Brussels.

2) The United Nations, with its 185 members, has just five official languages.

 

Β2 α. In your opinion, is it worth toiling over difficult verbs from an early age? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages. (Not more than 40 words).

Απάντηση:

B2. a. The earlier a child becomes familiar with a foreign language the easier it will be for it to speak it fluently. On the other hand, the problem a child may encounter by learning difficult verbs could later on result in his having a negative attitude towards that specific language.

 

b. Why do you think advertisers in Greece use the English language so often when promoting their products? (Not more than 40 words).

Απάντηση:

b. It is common knowledge that Greek people are favourably disposed to almost anything coming from abroad. It is then wise for an advertiser to use English words when promoting a product, since it is certain that it will make it more appealing to the Greek consumers.

 

c. You were asked to support the Greek language in the European Union, right after the proposal of France and Australia to limit the organization’s languages to five. Write your arguments in a paragraph.

(Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

c. Greek is one of the oldest languages in the world and one with a widespread influence on many other languages. In fields like medicine, science and literature, countless Greek words have been adopted for want of better alternatives from other languages. Moreover, the Greek culture is widely known and respected through the works of ancient philosophers and historians. Therefore, if we were to allow the European Union to exclude the Greek language, it would be tantamount to denying part of our history and long-lasting values.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180-200 λέξεων με θέμα:

In some countries of the world, becoming an adult is synonymous with leaving home and being independent’.

Do you agree with this statement or not? What is your opinion about it?

Απάντηση:

In some modern western societies, it is believed that becoming an adult is synonymous with leaving home and living independently. To a great extent, I agree with this statement although I think certain points need to be made clear.

To begin with, leaving home in order to live alone, appealing and enticing though it may sound to most young people, is far more than a simple escape from parental restriction or oppression . It is certainly not for those unprepared to fend for themselves in simple household matters they had always taken for granted. Those who dismiss this factor as unimportant are definitely in for a nasty shock. On the other hand, living alone will sooner or later bring them face to face with themselves and their innermost self. Under the circumstances, it is only natural that such feelings as loneliness, depression and a struggle to tame occasional fits of moodiness will bring home a new reality of life.

However, there are positive sides to this as well. Psychological survival is the biggest victory against yourself and the signalling of a new, mature, self-aware and responsible individual emerging. Armed with strength of character, a young person will see it as a challenge to learn to cope with the responsibilities and demands of life and will soon take them in his stride through trial and error.

If adulthood means acquiring maturity and wisdom through experiences , then leaving home and being independent can, indeed, substantially contribute to it.

THE END Of 1999

******************* 

 

  

ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

Ιούλιος 2000

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:

 

Last week hundreds of people flocked to Japan’s famous tourist spot, Nikko, to admire the beautiful, subtle colours of autumn. City dwellers particularly enjoy the drama of the changing seasons. The transition of summer into winter is a period of sadness for times enjoyed and gone; a time to reflect. Life today is so instant, so ephemeral that the life of trees is almost too long for those of us in the modern digitized, computerized world to imagine. There is an old saying that an oak is 300 years growing, 300 years resting and 300 years gracefully expiring. We humans may be excited about the prospect of a new millenium but there are trees still standing that have seen millennia come and go. The world’s oldest tree, known as Eternal God, is a redwood that lives in California. Eternal God is 12,000 years old.

There is a magic in trees that touches us all. The death of a tree inspires a strange empathy. When the 13^th century the Hunter’s oak tree was blown down at Windsor in England in 1863, Queen Victoria led national mourning.

The novelist John Fowles wrote that ‘trees epitomize a concept of time that has nothing to do with human clocking and calendaring’.

Time, The Weekly News Magazine,

November 15, 1999

Σημείωση : Nα μην μεταφραστούν τα κύρια ονόματα Nikko και John Fowles καθώς και η λέξη redwood. Επίσης,

ο τίτλος και η ημερομηνία του εντύπου να μην μεταφραστούν.

Απάντηση:

Την περασμένη βδομάδα εκατοντάδες άνθρωποι κατέκλυσαν το φημισμένο τουριστικό μέρος της Ιαπωνίας Nikko, για να θαυμάσουν τα όμορφα, διακριτικά χρώματα του φθινοπώρου. Οι κάτοικοι των πόλεων κυρίως έχουν την τύχη να ζουν το δράμα των εποχών που αλλάζουν. Το πέρασμα από το καλοκαίρι στο χειμώνα είναι μια περίοδος θλίψης για στιγμές χαράς που πέρασαν ^. μια περίοδος για περισυλλογή. Η ζωή σήμερα είναι τόσο στιγμιαία, τόσο εφήμερη, που η ζωή των δέντρων είναι σχεδόν υπερβολικά μεγάλη για εμάς που ζούμε σ΄ ένα μοντέρνο, ψηφιοποιημένο, αυτοματοποιημένο κόσμο, για να μπορούμε να την αντιληφθούμε. Υπάρχει μια παλιά παροιμία, που λέει ότι μια βελανιδιά μεγαλώνει για 300 χρόνια, ξεκουράζεται για άλλα 300 και με αξιοπρέπεια πεθαίνει σε άλλα 300 χρόνια. Εμείς οι άνθρωποι ίσως ενθουσιαζόμαστε με την ιδέα μιας καινούργιας χιλιετίας, αλλά υπάρχουν δέντρα που ακόμη παραμένουν στη ζωή έχοντας δει χιλιετίες να έρχονται και να παρέρχονται. Το πιο παλιό δέντρο στον κόσμο, γνωστό ως Αιώνιος Θεός, είναι ένα redwood που υπάρχει στην Καλιφόρνια. Ο Αιώνιος Θεός έχει ηλικία 12.000 ετών.

Υπάρχει μια μαγεία στα δέντρα που μας αγγίζει όλους. Κατά έναν παράξενο τρόπο, ο θάνατος ενός δέντρου μας εμπνέει να συμπάσχουμε. Όταν η βελανιδιά του 13^ου αιώνα, γνωστή ως ‘Του Κυνηγού’, ξεριζώθηκε από το φύσημα του ανέμου στο Windsor της Αγγλίας το 1863, η Βασίλισσα Βικτόρια κήρυξε εθνικό πένθος.

Ο μυθιστοριογράφος John Fowles έγραψε ότι ‘τα δέντρα αντικατοπτρίζουν /ενσαρκώνουν / αποτελούν μικρογραφία μια(ς) έννοια(ς) του χρόνου που δεν έχει καμία σχέση με το πώς οι άνθρωποι καταγράφουν το χρόνο και με το πώς χωρίζουν το χρόνο σε καθορισμένες περιόδους’.

Time, The Weekly News Magazine,

November 15, 1999

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

Β1. α. Give a title to the above text.

Απάντηση:

B1 a. TREES, A MEASURE OF OUR INSIGNIFICANCE

 

b. How might a visit in the woods in October affect an old man and a city child?

Justify your answer. (Not more than 30 words).

Απάντηση:

b. The old man sees the falling leaves as happy times gone by and the end of a life cycle, while the city child sees them just as the end of summer.

 

c. Explain what John Fowles means by ‘trees epitomize a concept of time that has nothing to do with human clocking and calendaring’. (Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

c. Man divides time into fixed periods and records it accordingly. He lives and works in his mechanized world on the assumption and perception that time is linear. Trees, however, develop independently of this human conception. Their life cycles repeat themselves in an imperceptible way that defies human comprehension.

 

B2 a. Based on recent discoveries in the fields of Genetics and Medicine we can assume that humans, sometime in the future, will be able to live for centuries - just like trees. What are your personal thoughts and feelings about this perspective? (Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

B2 a. I wouldn't want to live so long, myself, as a life as long as that would probably render human beings incorrigible and unbearable egotists. Personally, I would like to reach old age alive and kicking as a happy individual. Besides that, if we lived longer, the world would face overpopulation and all the problems associated with it.

 

b. How is one’s mood affected by season? Refer to any two seasons you prefer. (Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

b. For most people, spring and autumn awaken feelings of pessimism and optimism respectively as human nature is susceptible to subtle environmental changes. Personally, I find all seasons unique for their own particularities, but if I had to single out one of them, I would opt for winter because it brings me Christmas and the magic of the fireplace.

 

c. In some tropical countries temperatures remain high all the year round and there is no change of seasons. Would you like to live in such a country and why? (Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

c. I can’t imagine myself living in a tropical country as I have grown up always expecting to witness the tangible changes of seasons and fall under their spell. In terms of climatic conditions, I feel privileged to be living in Greece and would not change that for the world.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180-200 λέξεων με θέμα:

Some people claim that printed books in the future, even books read for enjoyment, will be replaced by electronic books (e.g. computers and CD-ROMs). Do you believe that this will happen? Write your views.

Απάντηση:

( Longer version than required for the purpose of offering more ideas on the subject)

Modern technology, and computers in particular, are already touching our lives deeply. We are watching something historic happen, and it will affect the world seismically. The Internet has opened new horizons in all fields of life and it is already rocking us the same way the discovery of the scientific method, the invention of printing, and the dawn of the Industrial Age did. Inevitably, printed books are expected to be phased out in the near future and replaced by electronic books. We should expect heated debates about this as every transition to something new and revolutionary faces stiff opposition and carries costs.

For more than 500 years, the bulk of human knowledge and information has been stored as paper documents. Paper will be with us indefinitely, but its importance as a means of finding, preserving, and distributing information is already diminishing. The real point of electronic documents is not simply that we will read them on hardware devices. Going from paper book to e-book is just the final stage of a process already well under way. This will cause dramatic repercussions. We will have to rethink not only what is meant by the term "document", but also by "author", "publisher", "office", "classroom", and "textbook".

When we think of a "document" we probably visualize pieces of paper with something printed on them, but that is a narrow definition. A document can be any body of information. A newspaper article is a document, but the broadest definition also includes a television show, a song, or an interactive video game. Rich electronic documents can do things no piece of paper can, and will eventually replace many printed paper ones because they will be able to help us in new ways.

But not for quite some time. The paper-based book, magazine, or newspaper still has a lot of advantages over its digital counterpart. To read a digital document you need a personal computer. A book is small, lightweight and inexpensive compared to the cost of a computer. For at least a decade it won't be as convenient to read a long, sequential document on a computer screen as on paper. The first digital documents to achieve widespread use will do so by offering new functionality rather than simply duplicating the older medium.

Some documents are so superior in digital form that the paper version is rarely used. Current print encyclopedias consist of nearly two dozen volumes, with millions of words of text and thousands of illustrations, and cost a fair amount of money. That's quite an investment, especially considering how rapidly the information gets out of date. No wonder, Microsoft Encarta, which incidentally is outselling print and other multimedia encyclopedias, comes on a single CD-ROM (which stands for Compact Disc - Read Only Memory).

Today, printed information is hard to locate. It's almost impossible to find all the best information - including books, news articles, and film clips - on a specific topic. It is extremely time-consuming to assemble the information you can find. Electronic documents, however, are interactive. Request a kind of information, and the document responds. The flexibility invites exploration, and the exploration is rewarded with discovery.

Among all the types of paper documents, narrative fiction will probably be one of the few that will not benefit from electronic organization. Almost every reference book has an index, but novels don't because there is no need to be able to look something up in a novel. Novels are linear, and will still be popular.

In conclusion, electronic documents will eventually replace most forms of printed ones and books in their present form will become a thing of the past. We are probably the generation that will rise, protest and condemn, but all to no avail. The irreversible and exponential expansion of computing power will sweep along individual and collective beliefs and theories and offer people a new means with which to express themselves and communicate. New technology will open undreamed-of artistic and scientific opportunities to the forthcoming generations.

THE END Of 2000

 ********************

 

ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟ 23 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2001

ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντας του τη µορφή

που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:

 

Do the tobacco barons deserve to be stung for .2bn? Of course. No business is more malignant, killing more

Than 4.5 million people annually worldwide and causing immense pain and suffering to many millions of others.

Does an individual smoker deserve to receive such a sum? Of course not. Neither the US nor the UK has satisfactory legal machinery yet for making the industry pay for the injuries it inflicts. But at least the US is way down the road compared to the UK. Yesterday's decision in the US, in which a Los Angeles jury ordered Philip Morris to pay .2bn in punitive damages and .3.5m in general damages to a smoker suffering from cancer, sets a new precedent for individual legal suits. The company was found guilty on six counts of fraud, negligence and

making a defective product. The punitive damage was based on the company's conduct, not its product - the

deception, denials and lies with which it sought to obscure the cancers, heart disease and straightforward

addiction that its product caused.

Meanwhile in the UK, legal actions have been stymied by the extra barriers plaintiffs have to face: a

conservative judiciary; decisions by judges rather than jurors; and an obligation to fund the defendant's costs

if they fail.

The Guardian, Friday June 8, 2001

δίνονται:

L English pound sterling, bn: billion, m: million, damages: αποζηµιώσεις, To stymie: ανακόπτω,

plaintiff: ο ενάγων

Απάντηση:

Αξίζουν οι βαρόνοι της καπνοβιομηχανίας να πληρώσουν πρόστιμο 2 δις δολαρίων; Ασφαλώς. Καμία επιχείρηση δεν είναι περισσότερο θανατηφόρα  από αυτή που σκοτώνει περισσότερα από 4,5 εκατομμύρια ανθρώπων

ετησίως σε όλο τον κόσμο και προκαλώντας αφόρητο πόνο και δυστυχία σε πολλά εκατομμύρια άλλων.

Αξίζει να παραλάβει ένα τέτοιο ποσό ένας μεμονωμένος καπνιστής; Ασφαλώς όχι. Ούτε οι ΗΠΑ ούτε το Ηνωμένο

Βασίλειο έχουν αναπτύξει ως τώρα ικανοποιητικό νομικό καθεστώς με το οποίο να αναγκάζουν την βιομηχανία

να πληρώσει για το κακό που προκαλεί. Τουλάχιστον οι ΗΠΑ όμως είναι πολύ μπροστά από το Ηνωμένο βασίλειο

σε αυτό το θέμα. Η χθεσινή δικαστική απόφαση στις ΗΠΑ με την οποία ένα σώμα ενόρκων στο Λος Άντζελες

καταδίκασε την εταιρεία Φίλιπ Μόρις να πληρώσει 2 δις δολάρια για ποινική αποζημίωση  και 3,5 εκατομμύρια

Αγγλικές λίρες για γενική αποζημίωση σε καπνιστή ο οποίος υποφέρει από καρκίνο, θέλει νέα δεδομένα στην

εκδίκαση μηνύσεων από μεμονωμένα άτομα. Η εταιρεία κρίθηκε ένοχη για έξι παραπτώματα εξαπάτησης,

εγκληματικής ενέργειας και παραγωγής ελαττωματικού προϊόντος. Η πρόσθετη ποινή πέραν της αποζημίωσης

που υπεβλήθη, βασίστηκε στην διαγωγή της εταιρείας και όχι στο προϊόν της, δηλαδή στην εξαπάτηση,

τις διαψεύσεις και τα ψέματα με τα οποία αποπειράθηκε να συγκαλύψει τις περιπτώσεις καρκίνου, καρδιακών

παθήσεων και φανερής εξάρτησης που προκάλεσε το προϊόν της.

Εν τω μεταξύ στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, οι νομικές αγωγές έχουν ανακοπεί λόγω του ότι οι ενάγοντες έχουν

να αντιμετωπίσουν κι άλλα εμπόδια: το συντηρητικό σύστημα δικαιοσύνης, το γεγονός ότι τις αποφάσεις

λαμβάνουν δικαστές και όχι σώμα ενόρκων, καθώς και την υποχρέωση να αναλάβουν τα έξοδα του

εναγόμενου σε περίπτωση που αυτός αθωωθεί.

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

B1. a. Give a title to the above text.

Απάντηση:

'The need for legal action against tobacco companies.'

 

b. Does The Guardian take a view in its article or is it merely stating the facts, keeping equal distances from

both sides? Justify your answer. (Not more than 30 words).

Απάντηση:

'The Guardian' clearly agrees with taking legal measures against tobacco companies. It says that 'of course'

the have to pay, and describes them as 'malignant', 'causing immense pain', etc.

 

c. "... the US is way down the road compared to the UK."

What does The Guardian mean by this sentence and how is this meaning justified in the text?

(Not more than 50 words).

 Απάντηση:

This sentence means that the US is ahead of the UK regarding penalties inflicted on tobacco companies.

The writer cites the example of 'Philip Morris' which was fined $2bn, when at the same time the legal system

in UK discourages plaintiffs from claiming any compensation from tobacco companies.

 

B2. a. Why does a teenager start smoking today? Write at least four different reasons.

Απάντηση:

Teenagers usually want to feel like grown-ups, and therefore they imitate their habits, one of which is

smoking. They also imitate each other, and so they start smoking so that they do not feel different

from their friends. Others smoke simply because their parents tell them not to, and teenagers usually

do the opposite of what they are told to do, or they feel that smoking relaxes them from problems.

 

b. Why do you think decisions taken by judges rather than jurors may differ in a case like the one mentioned

in the text?

Απάντηση:

In such cases the plaintiff is only the tip of the iceberg compared to all those who suffer from smoking.

Therefore a number of people deciding on the subject would be more just than an individual in the

same position. Furthermore, an individual could be more easily influenced by a powerful company

than a group of people would be.

 

c. Based on the text, write a paragraph addressed to a friend of yours who smokes, and try to convince him/her to stop smoking. (Not more than 50 words).

Start your paragraph with Dear John or Dear Mary and end it with Yours, XYZ.

Απάντηση:

Dear John, I just read an article that may persuade you to quit smoking. Here, in the UK, it is difficult

or even impossible to claim any compensation from tobacco companies. if, Gad forbid, you end up

suffering from, say, cancer, the law won't help you, so help yourself.

Yours, XYZ

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείµενο 180 - 200 λέξεων µε θέµα:

It is claimed that Greek students preparing for career examinations are the most hard-working people in

Their community. Do you believe that their strong efforts and long-lasting studying will eventually be justified?

Απάντηση:

I believe that after good health, education is the greatest asset in life than one can have. People who choose

to go onto further education or to study for vocational reasons show that they have a desire inside them

to do well in life.

Studying, no matter what the subject, demands commitment and self-discipline. There can be no doubt that

when an employer is looking for a new recruit, qualifications which are relevant to the job, are probably

the number one priority.

Without doubt it is never a waste of a person's time to expand their knowledge and skills. For many jobs,

a certain amount of academic success is necessary in order to get a foot on the career ladder.

Anyone who works really hard and especially those who succeed in passing exams, increase the choices

they will have in life. Also the feeling of self-worth one feels when one achieves something difficult is

easily enough to justify all the effort that has been expended. Maybe over weeks or months or ever

over years. 

 THE END Of 2001

 *********************

  

 

ΤΕΤΑΡΤΗ 19 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2002

ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:

 

There are more rich people today than ever before. From sipping champagne to taking trips into space, they are getting plenty of pleasure - though these sad souls have worries, too, not least about the damaging effect their wealth may have on their children.

Without the need to work, wealthy people's children can become demotivated and purposeless. They can find it difficult to develop an appreciation of the value of money because they have never been short of it. They can also feel crushed by the pressure to match the achievements of the creator of the wealth they are enjoying.

According to a recent survey of the richest 1% of Americans, around half fear that their children's initiative and independence will be undermined by having material advantages. How can a child be taught that money is a scarce commodity when the most clinching reason for turning down a request, "We can't afford it", does not apply?

Rich American parents, it seems, try to toughen their children by making them do household chores. According to the survey, 99% of the poor little dears are expected to tidy their own rooms and 85% to take out the rubbish.

Perhaps more significantly, 77% are expected to take part-time or summer jobs while at high school.

The Economist, June 16th-22nd, 2001

(25 points)

Απάντηση:

Σήμερα υπάρχουν περισσότεροι πλούσιοι από κάθε άλλη εποχή στο παρελθόν. Υπάρχουν άνθρωποι που αν

και ρουφούν τη σαμπάνια τους παγαίνουν ταξίδια στο διάστημα, και δείχνουν ότι απολαμβάνουν τη ζωή

τους, είναι και αυτοί λυπημένες ψυχές που έχουν ανησυχίες κυρίως για τις καταστροφικές συνέπειες που

μπορεί να έχει αυτός ο πλούτος στα παιδιά τους.

Επειδή δεν υπάρχει ανάγκη να εργαστούν για να επιβιώσουν, τα παιδιά των πλουσίων κινδυνεύουν να γίνουν

άνθρωποι χωρίς κίνητρα και στόχους. Ίσως δυσκολευτούν να αναπτύξουν εκτίμηση για την αξία του

χρήματος, επειδή δεν τους έχει λείψει ποτέ. Ίσως ακόμη νιώθουν να πνίγονται από την πίεση να φανούν

το ίδιο ικανοί με το πρόσωπο του οποίου τον πλούτο απολαμβάνουν.

Σύμφωνα με μια πρόσφατη δημοσκόπηση που αφορούσε το 1% των πλουσιότερων Αμερικανών, περίπου

οι μισοί φοβούνται ότι οι πρωτοβουλίες και η ανεξαρτησία των παιδιών τους θα υπονομευτεί από το

γεγονός ότι απολαμβάνουν υλικά πλεονεκτήματα. Πώς μπορεί ένα παιδί να μάθει ότι το χρήμα είναι ένα

σπάνιο αγαθό, όταν στην προσπάθεια άρνησης για κάτι πού ζήτησε δεν ισχύει το πλέον αδιαμφισβήτητο

επιχείρημα 'Δεν έχουμε χρήματα';

Απ' ότι φαίνεται,  οι πλούσιοι Αμερικανοί γονείς προσπαθούν να σκληραγωγήσουν τα παιδιά τους

αναγκάζοντας τα το να κάνουν δουλειές του σπιτιού. Σύμφωνα με την δημοσκόπηση, το 99% των

..."κακόμοιρων" αυτών παιδιών είναι υποχρεωμένα να συμμαζεύουν τα ίδια τα δωμάτια τους  και το 85% να

βγάζουν έξω τα σκουπίδια. Ίσως το πιο σημαντικό, το 77% από αυτά υποχρεώνονται να βρουν εργασίες

μερικής απασχόλησης ή καλοκαιρινές δουλειές ενώ φοιτούν στο λύκειο.  

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

B1. a. Give a title to the above text.

Απάντηση:

'What does it really mean to be a child of rich parents?'

 

b. Rephrase in your own words the following sentence from the text:

"They can also feel crushed by the pressure to match the achievements of the creator of the wealth they are enjoying."

Απάντηση:

Rich parents usually expect their children to be as able as they were themselves when they created their

fortune, but children sometimes are not; the pressure of these expectations frustrates them.

 

c. What does the phrase "poor little dears" refer to? Comment on the way the writer uses it.

Απάντηση:

The phrase is used ironically to refer to children whose rich parents force them to do household work.

The irony lies on the fact that they are supposedly 'toughened' by what is in reality far from being hard

work. The writer probably implies that those children are truly spoilt anyway.

 

B2. a. Imagine you had the money needed to take a trip into space. Write the reasons you would or you would not take this trip. (Not more than 50 words)

Απάντηση:

I would take the trip because it is definitely once-in-a-lifetime experience for all those millions of people

that, are not astronauts. I would not take it, though, if the money was necessary for anything concerning

my well-being or that of my family, especially as regards matters of health.

 

b. Apart from "the damaging effect their wealth may have on their children" what other worries do you think that rich people may have? (Not more than 50 words)

Απάντηση:

The most important thing in rich people's mind is probably how they are going to maintain their wealth.

The more money one has the more he wishes to multiply it. Also, rich people always live with the fear

of being robbed, and therefore have to secure their houses very well.

 

c. Unlike America, in Greece it is not common for students to take part time or summer jobs while at high school. Write the pros and cons of this practice and explain why it is not common in Greece. (Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

These jobs help students to make their own money and appreciate its value. But employers may take advantage

of the fact that students are teenagers and pay them less than they should. Greek parents usually pay most

of their kids' expenses; so children don't learn to rely on such jobs.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:

A monthly magazine has invited its young readers to contribute their views on the following issue:

"Should young people choose their field of studies according to their own inclination, or according to job prospects and advice from parents and/or professionals?"

Write a short article arguing for your own views.

Do not sign it.

Απάντηση:

I believe that when a young person is considering which field of study to follow, they need help and advice

from both their parents and their teachers, but they should also trust their instincts too.

Generally speaking, people tend to be better at the subjects that interest them than they are at those ]

which do not inspire them. I believe that there is no point in a student choosing a subject because his or

her parents want them to do if they themselves dislike the subject or are bored by it. Nobody can spend

a sustained amount of time and effort or something that does not interest or inspire them

in some way.

Occasionally, a student may have their heart set on following a particular career which forces them to study

a subject which they don't enjoy. For example, a student who would like to become a history teacher, may

also need to have a language or maths qualification. In this case the student has little choice but to study

something that they do not enjoy, but they still have the motivation as it is a means to an end and the

eventual reward will be worth it. 

THE END Of 2002

 *******************

 

 

ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟ 21 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2003

ΚΟΙΝΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΗ ΟΛΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΥΠΟΨΗΦΙΩΝ

ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ

 

Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή

που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.

 

People have long believed that the world would be a happier, more peaceful and altogether better place if we all spoke one language. According to Genesis, God confounded ουr speech at Babel so that the descendants of Noah would be unable to work together harmoniously. The dispersed tribes soon grew into rival nations and since they could nο longer communicate readily to settle disagreements, wars broke out, and before you can say anything, you suddenly have mini-holocausts because your neighbour doesn't pronounce that word the way you do.

Over the centuries, various languages - in the West, chiefly Latin and French - rose in prominence and achieved a kind of global acceptance as common tongues if only among the educated. But their heyday* has come and, alas, pretty much gone. More and more, everyone either speaks or is learning to speak English. ΑΙΙ the world can now smile and say Coke and blue jeans and "Do you want fries with that?".

But Andrew Dalby, author of Α Dictionary οf Languages, persuasively demonstrates that this is by nο means a good thing. Το make his point, his book Language in Danger provides

an engrossing account of both howlanguages evolve and interact, and of how much is lost - culturally and epistemologically - when the last speaker of, say, Cornish or Chamorro or Occitan or Powhatan** dies.

"The Guardian Weekly", June 19-25,2003

Δίνεται:

*   heyday: αποκορύφωμα

** Οι λέξεις Cornish, Chamorro, Occitan και Powhatan δεν θα μεταφραστούν                                                             

Απάντηση:

Οι άνθρωποι για ένα μεγάλο διάστημα πίστευαν ότι η ανθρωπότητα θα ήταν πιο ευτυχισμένη, πιο ειρηνική

και από κάθε άποψη ένα καλύτερο μέρος να ζει κανείς αν όλοι οι άνθρωποι μιλούσαμε την ίδια γλώσσα.

Σύμφωνα με την γένεση, ο Θεός ανακάτεψε την γλώσσα των ανθρώπων στη Βαβέλ έτσι ώστε οι απόγονοι

του Νώε να είναι ανίκανοι να συνεργάζονται αρμονικά. Οι διασκορπισμένες φυλές σύντομα εξελίχθηκαν

σε αντίπαλα έθνη και καθώς δεν μπορούσαν πλέον να επικοινωνήσουν εύκολα για να λύνουν τις διαφορές

τους ξέσπασαν πόλεμοι, και πριν καλά το καταλάβει κανείς, μπορεί να συνέβαινε ένα μικρό ολοκαύτωμα

επειδή η γειτονική φυλή δεν πρόφερε κάποια λέξη με τον ίδιο τρόπο.

Με το πέρασμα των αιώνων, διάφορες γλώσσες - στη Δύση κυρίως η Λατινική και η Γαλλική - διακρίθηκαν

από τις υπόλοιπες και κέρδισαν κάποιου είδους παγκόσμιας αναγνώρισης ως κοινές γλώσσες, έστω μόνο

από όσους είχαν την απαραίτητη μόρφωση. Αλλά το αποκορύφωμα τους έχει περάσει και, αλίμονο, έχει

παρέλθει οριστικά. Όλο και περισσότερο σήμερα ο κάθε άνθρωπος είτε μιλάει ήδη είτε μαθαίνει να μιλάει

Αγγλικά. Όλος ο κόσμος μπορεί πλέον να λέει με χαμόγελο "κόκα κόλα" και "μπλου τζην", όπως και

"θέλετε τηγανητές πατάτες με την παραγγελία σας".

Ωστόσο ο Άντριου Ντάλμπυ, συγγραφέας του βιβλίου "Λεξικό των γλωσσών" περιγράφει με πιστικό τρόπο

ότι αυτό που συμβαίνει δεν είναι καλό. Για να αναπτύξει το επιχείρημα του, το βιβλίο του "Γλώσσα σε κίνδυνο"

προσφέρει μια πολύ ενδιαφέρουσα παρουσίαση του τρόπου με τον οποίον οι γλώσσες εξελίσσονται και

αλληλoεπιδρούν, αλλά και τι χάνεται - σε πολιτισμικό και επιστημονικό επίπεδο - όταν πεθαίνει ο τελευταίος

που ξέρει κάποια γλώσσα, π.χ., την Cornish, την Chamorro, την Occitan ή την Powhatan.

 

Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακά­τω ερωτήσεις:

Β1. a. Provide a title for the above text and justify your answer.

Απάντηση:

"Is English to kill the languages of the world?" The main question asked in this text is whether humanity can

benefit or not from a common language, focusing on the future. This title is appropriate as it sums up the

main point of the text the way this is expressed in the final paragraph.

 

b. What is the writer's style in this passage? Justify your answer by referring to the text.

(not more than 50 words)

Απάντηση:

The write adopts a colloquial style. This is evident from the fact she/he does not perplex the syntax of the

text. The vocabulary is not very academic and also makes use of humour.

 

c. What is meant by ".. .your neighbour doesn't pronounce that word the way you do"?

(not more than 30 words)

Απάντηση:

It means that, as it happens in many languages, differences in pronunciation may cause alteration of meaning.

The misunderstanding that almost inevitably follows this may cause people to understand the wrong thing.

 

Β2. a. What are the pros and cons of a common language?   (not more than 40 words)

Απάντηση:

Common language helps people to communicate faster and more efficiently; this is an asset to today's world

of information. But it may also eliminate individual characteristics of different cultures, which is exactly what

makes information a fascinating thing to share.

 

 b. In your opinion why does a language achieve global acceptance? Provide two reasons

(not more than 40 words).

Απάντηση:

People want to be able to communicate with others no matter where in the world they find themselves. It

may also be a matter of mimicry; people learn the language of their film or music idol due to the global

entertainment industry.

 

c. Suppose you were a speaker of an endangered language. How could you help your language to survive?

(not more than 40 words).

Απάντηση:

I would create cultural clubs where it would be taught for free to anyone, and at the same time I would

'advertise' my language and culture in local journals through cultural articles so that is not forgotten

primarily by those who should speak it anyway.

 

 

Να γράψετε κείμενο 180-200 λέξεων με θέμα:

Imagine that a monthly magazine has invited school graduates to give their opinion on society's expectations from scientists and researchers.

Write a short article arguing for your views.

Do not sign it.

Απάντηση:

Life in the 21st century is ruled by modern technology. The technology is both a blessing and a curse to man

and to the environment. People have high expectations of the ability of scientists and researchers to find

ways to improve our life in these modern times.

One of the main areas that people look to scientists and researchers to improve is that of health and medicine.

We are troubled by numerous life-threatening diseases such as AIDs and cancer and billions of dollars are

spent every year all over the world to try to find better treatments or even a cure. The layman can do

nothing to influence such areas of research and yet his life may depend on a scientific breakthrough.

On a less serious note, scientists have greatly improved entertainment and domestic or household technology

generally in the workplace, technological advances have increase efficiently, particularly with the coming

of the computer age.

To sum up, we can say, without doubt that people have high expectations of scientists and researchers but

it is also true to say that the majority of people take progress for granted and do not always appreciate

the work that scientists do. 

THE END Of 2003

**********************************

 

ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΗ 18 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2004

ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείµενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη µορφή

που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δηµοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:

 

Not so long ago there was an equal balance of men and women in Professor Phillip Brown’s sociology classes. Now there isn’t. In a recent lecture there were just five men in the group of 50 he was teaching. And it’s not just sociology.

Throughout the UK higher education system, women are the dominant number while men are disappearing

like flies before a thunderstorm.

Driven by success at school, girls are going into higher education in ever increasing numbers. Over the last decade more than 70% of the increase in undergraduates in the UK has been female. It’s not just school leavers who are skewing* the balance. Women in their 30s are also applying to be admitted as mature students.

Brown is co-author of a controversial book which argues that the need for graduate workers is not as great

as the government predicts and that too many employers are asking for graduate skills they don’t need.

He believes middle-class boys are as interested in going to university as they ever were, but that working-class boys continue to be as uninterested as ever. The shift is occurring as a result of working-class girls and women seeking higher qualifications, because more jobs need credentials*, thereby increasing the gender gap.

Education Guardian Weekly, May 18, 2004

(25 points)

*to skew = ανατρέπω

*credential = απόδειξη γνώσεων/διαπιστευτήριο

 Απάντηση:

Δεν πάνε πολλά χρόνια που υπήρχα ισάριθμοι άντρες και γυναίκες στις τάξεις κοινωνιολογίας του καθηγητή

Phillip Brown. Αυτό δεν συμβαίνει τώρα πια. Σε μια πρόσφατη διάλεξη υπήρχαν μόνο 5 άνδρες στο γκρουπ

των 50 ατόμων που δίδασκε. Και αυτό δεν αφορά μόνο την κοινωνιολογία. Στον ευρύτερο χώρο της

εκπαίδευσης  στη Μεγάλη Βρετανία, οι γυναίκες είναι κυρίαρχες σε αριθμό ενώ οι άνδρες εξαφανίζονται

όπως οι μύγες πριν από την καταιγίδα.

Με στόχο την επιτυχία τους στο σχολείο, όλο και περισσότερα κορίτσια μπαίνουν στην ανώτερη εκπαίδευση.

Μόλις την τελευταία δεκαετία, πάνω από 70% των αποφοίτων στη Μεγάλη Βρετανία είναι θηλυκού γένους.

Και δεν είναι μόνο οι απόφοιτοι της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης που ανατρέπουν αυτή την ισσοροπία.

Γυναίκες στα τριάντα τους μπαίνουν στο πανεπιστήμιο σαν "ώριμοι" φοιτητές.

Ο Brown, με άλλον ένα συγγραφέα, έχει γράψει ένα επίμαχο βιβλίο στο οποίο και ισχυρίζεται ότι η ανάγκη

για πτυχιούχους εργάτες δεν είναι τόσο μεγάλη όσο προβλέπει το κράτος και ότι πολλοί εργοδότες απαιτούν

ακαδημαϊκά προσόντα τα οποία δεν χρειάζονται. Πιστεύει ότι τα αγόρια της μεσαίας τάξης ακόμα ενδιαφέρονται

να πάνε πανεπιστήμιο όπως γινόταν και παλιά αλλά τα αγόρια της εργατικής τάξης συνεχίζουν να είναι

αδιάφορα όπως πάντα. Η αλλαγή αυτή είναι αποτέλεσμα της αναζήτησης υψηλοτέρων τυπικών προσόντων   

από τα κορίτσια και τις γυναίκες της εργατικής τάξης, εφόσον όλο και περισσότερες θέσεις εργασίας

απαιτούν πιστοποιητικά γνώσεων και έτσι με αυτό τον τρόπο μεγαλώνει το χάσμα μεταξύ των δύο φύλων.

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

B1. a. Give a title to the above text.

Απάντηση:

'The changing gender balance in Higher education'

 

b. Rephrase the following. (Do not use the same words from the original) :

"The shift is occurring as a result of working-class girls and women seeking higher qualifications, because

More jobs need credentials, thereby increasing the gender gap".

Απάντηση:

The change in the proportion of men to women in higher education has come about because many lower

income females need university degrees to find work, thus the growing disparity between the sexes.

 

c. ......... men are disappearing like flies before a thunderstorm.

Why do you think the author uses this simile ? (about 30 words). (5 points)

Απάντηση:

The author's simile emphasises the rapidly decreasing number of men in higher education because women's

need for qualifications has been a powerful driving force that has dramatically affected the educational

status quo.

 

B2. a. Why do you think a school leaver may not be interested in going into higher education ? Write a short paragraph giving at least four reasons. (Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

Many school leavers start work immediately to guarantee an income in a society where finding a job is

becoming increasingly difficult. A degree is no longer expensive and guarantees a career and following

a parent's footsteps in an established business, or learning a trade, are becoming more attractive

options for the young.

 

b. In a short paragraph give at least three factors which may determine the choice of a job.

(Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

Traditionally young people have followed the career path of a parent and this is still common today. However

with the globalization of the workplace, it is often the availability of work that determines choice. Also,

factors such as salary or working conditions define the job a person will choose.

 

c. What other factors besides a university degree guarantee a successful career ? In a short paragraph write

at least four other factors. (Not more than 50 words).

Απάντηση:

In my opinion there are a lot of factors that guarantee a successful career. The most important are that

the person seeking a career should have a strong personality, responsibility, determination and of course

to be willing to work hard in order to succeed. Furthermore, knowing people in key positions in business

helps a lot. Having more skills also helps, such as speaking languages or having a second university degree. 

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείµενο 180 - 200 λέξεων µε θέµα:

Reality show upon reality show appear on many TV channels. Write an essay discussing the reasons why more

and more young people participate in reality shows.

Απάντηση:

In recent years the most successful TV shows have been the 'Big Brother' style of reality show, involving a number of young people, recorded by cameras over a number of weeks. Many people are almost desperate

to appear in them, for reasons that have gone beyond these shows just being the latest fashion.

Firstly, it is believed that fame is the foremost factor behind many people's desire to participate in reality

shows. Players know that the TV channels are interested, and newspapers will all focus on them as

'over-night' stars. It does not involve years of hard work, only the benefit of being recognized. Not only

the winner, but also many players may go into a range of lucrative careers through their newly

acquired fame.

It is also true that large sums of prize money or singing contracts are sometimes available. These represent

more specific incentives for young players. Other participants may claim that they take part for a change

in their life, to show off, or simply for the challenge. As surveillance cameras and the media are

ever-present, in our daily lives any fear of invasion of privacy has been removed by the potential benefits

offered on reality shows.

In conclusion, it can be concluded that the role of the camera and the desire to become famous are the

essential attractions that lure so many young people to participate in reality shows.

THE END Of 2004

 *********************

 

ΤΡΙΤΗ 21 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2005

ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ

 

Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή

που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:

 

For more than a decade, Britons have listened to claims that the internet would transform their lives; that it would affect the manner in which they do business, interact socially, even think and behave. Often, the predictions have seemed premature or exaggerated, but a far reaching new survey from the Oxford Internet Institute makes clear that the spread of the net has indeed changed family life in subtle yet profound ways.

Drawn from interviews in nearly 2,200 British households, the Oxford Internet Survey, to be published later

this month, provides the first detailed snapshot of what we as a nation do when we are online.

Of active users, 7 in 10 now regard the internet as important or very important to their way of life, and a

similar number believe it to be of general benefit to daily life.

The average user spends 1 hour per day online; 9% say they spend less time with their family, 17% read fewer books and a whopping 28% watch less television.

The net is also changing the way we shop, learn, think, maintain relationships and make new friends. Significantly, the third most popular online activity is given as “surfing” :

trawling the net has become a leisure activity in its own right. People log on to relax after a hard day’s work just as they once tuned into the television.

The Sunday Times, June 12, 2005 (25 points)

whopping : τεράστιος, συγκλονιστικός

to trawl : ερευνώ, ψάχνω επισταμένως

surfing : πλοήγηση

Απάντηση:

Για περισσότερο από μια δεκαετία, οι Βρετανοί ακούν εικασίες/ ισχυρισμούς ότι το Ιντερνετ/Διαδίκτυο, θα

αλλάξει την ζωή τους, ότι θα επηρέαζε τον τρόπο που 'κάνουν δουλειές', επικοινωνούν σε κοινωνικό

επίπεδο, ακόμη και τον τρόπο που σκέπτονται ή συμπεριφέρνονται.

Αρκετές φορές, αυτές οι προβλέψεις θεωρήθηκαν πρώιμες ή υπερβολικές, αλλά μια μεγάλη έρευνα από το

ινστιτούτο Internet της Οξφόρδης, δείχνει με σαφήνεια ότι η εξάπλωση του διαδικτύου έχει όντως αλλάξει

την οικογενειακή ζωή, ίσως όχι τόσο εμφανώς, αλλά ουσιαστικά.

Αντλώντας στοιχεία από συνεντεύξεις που διεξήχθησαν σε σχεδόν 2.200 Βρετανικές οικογένειες, η έρευνα

για το Ιντερνετ της Οξφόρδης, που θα δημοσιευθεί αργότερα αυτό το μήνα, παρέχει την πρώτη λεπτομερή

εικόνα του τι κάνουμε σαν λαός όταν είμαστε συνδεδεμένοι στο Ιντερνετ.

Σε κάθε 10 ενεργούς χρήστες οι 7 θεωρούν το διαδίκτυο σημαντικό ή πολύ σημαντικό στον τρόπο ζωής τους,

και άλλοι τόσοι πιστεύουν ότι είναι πολύ ωφέλιμο στην καθημερινή τους ζωή. Ο μέσος χρήστης περνάει

μια ώρα τη μέρα στο διαδίκτυο, το 9% λένε ότι περνούν λιγότερο χρόνο με την οικογένεια τους, το 17%

διαβάζουν λιγότερα βιβλία και ένα συγκλονιστικό 28% παρακολουθεί λιγότερη τηλεόραση.

Το διαδίκτυο επηρεάζει σημαντικά και τον τρόπο που ψωνίζουμε, μαθαίνουμε, σκεπτόμαστε, διατηρούμε

σχέσεις και κάνουμε νέους φίλους. Είναι απαραίτητο να επισημάνουμε ότι η πλοήγηση στο διαδίκτυο είναι

η τρίτη πιο δημοφιλής δραστηριότητα και η τακτική έρευνα στο διαδίκτυο  έχει δικαιωματικά γίνει μια

ασχολία ελεύθερου χρόνου. Οι άνθρωποι συνδέονται στο διαδίκτυο για να ξεκουραστούν μετά από μια

μέρα σκληρής εργασίας με τον ίδιο τρόπο που κάποτε συντονίζονταν στην τηλεόραση τους.

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:

B1. a. Give a title to the above text. (4 points)

Απάντηση:

'Predictions that the internet changes lives is shown to be true.'

 

b. What does the author mean by the phrase “the spread of the net has indeed changed family life in subtle

yet profound ways”? (Not more than 40 words) (5 points)

Απάντηση:

The growing use of the internet has had a substantial effect on the way family members communicate

with and react to each other although these changes are fairly discreet and so are not immediately obvious.

 

c. Rephrase the following by using your own words to express the meaning of the text : “Drawn from interviews in nearly 2,200 British households, the Oxford Internet Survey, to be published later this month, provides the first detailed snapshot of what we as a nation do when we are online.” (6 points)

Απάντηση:

"Drawn from interviews in nearly 2,200 British house holds, the Oxford Internet survey, to be published later

this month, provides this first detailed snapshot of what we as a nation do when we are online."

 

The Oxford internet survey which involves data taken from nearly 2200 British families will be released

later this month. The survey offers the first detailed picture of how the British are using the internet.

 

B2. a. What are some of the dangers of the use of the internet by young people? In a short paragraph discuss at least four possible dangers. (Not more than 50 words). (4 points)

Απάντηση:

Young people may spend too many hours surfing the net and so do not communicate with their family

and friends. The internet stops them reading books and affects the way they think. Meeting people on the internet can be dangerous and they may look at unsuitable sites.

 

b. In your opinion how has the internet changed our lives positively? In a short paragraph discuss at least

three possible benefits of the internet to our daily lives. (Not more than 50 words). (6 points)

Απάντηση:

The internet has made the global communication easier. We also have immediate access to world news.

It allows us to learn about other cultures and to become more understanding and sympathetic to others.

It is particularly useful for international business as well as social and personal communication.

 

c. After a tiring day at school do you prefer to relax by reading a book, watching TV or surfing the net?

In a short paragraph give reasons for your choice. (Not more than 50 words). (5 points)

Απάντηση:

I enjoy the net because I find it relaxing, fun and informative. I particularly enjoy playing games such as

backgammon and listening to music. I prefer to see the news on the internet because I can focus on the

stories that I am interested in. I prefer the net to reading books because books remind me of schoolwork.

 

Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:

Next month your school magazine will deal with the following issue : “The arts, such as music, dance, painting

and theatre, are vitally important to students’ education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as

mathematics, science, language and other mainstream subjects”. Write an article for your school magazine,

discussing your views on the above topic. Do not sign the article. (45 points)

Απάντηση:

There is much debate about the importance of the arts in mainstream education and, as in most cases,

there are two sides to every story.

I personally believe that some education in the arts is of the utmost importance for all children. I believe that

everyone should be encouraged to develop their creative side. They do not have to be particularly talented,

but just given the chance to express themselves in a way that they enjoy.  

On the other hand, there must be a balance in education and other subjects such as maths, science and

languages are of equal importance and all students should be urged to develop their skills in all areas

as much as they can.

It can be argued however, that many students who are academically weak, are often very good at art,

drama or music and if they are given the chance to develop their artistic talents, they will grow in confidence

and this will help them in other aspects of their life.

In conclusion, I would say that education needs to be balanced in all areas but with the opportunity for the

individual to shine in their personally chosen field of study.

THE END Of 2005

 ******************

ΠΕΜΠΤΗ 22 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2006
ΚΟΙΝΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΗ ΟΛΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΥΠΟΨΗΦΙΩΝ
ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ

 
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:
 

Katia Eliad, an artist, felt blocked in her creativity, out of touch with herself and for some inexplicable reason unable to use green or blue in her abstract paintings. So she started an unusual treatment: daily two hour sessions of Mozart’s music for three weeks at a time. The impact, she says, was dramatic. “It feels like I’ve done 10 years of psychoanalysis in just eight months”. As for Mozart, “he’s become like a grandfather who calms you when you wake up in the middle of a nightmare”.
Over the past decade, Mozart has increasingly been placed in a role that is the most controversial of all: as healer of mind and body. But by far the most widespread – and most disputed – recent claim is that Mozart can enhance your brain power.
In this Mozart anniversary year, it seems, anything goes. Cagnozzi, a Tuscan winemaker, has been piping Mozart to his vines for the past five years. Playing Mozart to his grapes has a dramatic effect, he claims. “It ripens them faster”, he says, adding that it also keeps away parasites and birds. With so little understood about the psychological and physiological effects of music, researchers are now studying Cagnozzi’s claims.
Time Europe, January 16, 2006 (25 points)

to pipe: παίζω μουσική

Απάντηση:

Η Katia Eliad, µια καλλιτέχνιδα, ένιωσε να µπλοκάρεται η δηµιουργικότητά της, να µη βρίσκεται σε επαφή µε τον εαυτό της και για κάποιο ανεξήγητο λόγο να µην µπορεί να χρησιµοποιήσει πράσινο ή µπλε στους αφηρηµένους πίνακές της. Έτσι ξεκίνησε µια ασυνήθιστη θεραπεία: καθηµερινά δίωρα ακούσµατα µουσικής του Mozart για τρεις εβδοµάδες τη φορά. Η επίδραση, λέει, ήταν θεαµατική. «Μοιάζει σα να έχω κάνει δέκα χρόνια ψυχανάλυση µόνο σε οκτώ µήνες. Όσον αφορά τον Mozart, «έχει γίνει σαν ένας παππούς ο οποίος σε ηρεµεί όταν ξυπνάς στη µέση ενός εφιάλτη».

Την τελευταία δεκαετία, όλο και περισσότερο δίνεται στον Mozart ένας ρόλος ο οποίος είναι ο πιο αµφιλεγόµενος από όλους: ως θεραπευτής του πνεύµατος και του σώµατος. Όµως ο κατά πολύ πιο διαδεδοµένος - και διαφιλονικούµενος – πρόσφατος ισχυρισµός είναι ότι ο Mozart µπορεί να ενισχύσει τη δύναµη του µυαλού.

Αυτό το χρόνο στην επέτειο του Mozart, φαίνεται ότι όλα ισχύουν. Ο Cagnozzi, ένας οινοπαραγωγός από την Τοσκάνη, παίζει µουσική του Mozart στα κλήµατά του τα τελευταία πέντε χρόνια. Ισχυρίζεται ότι το να παίζει Mozart στα σταφύλια του έχει θεαµατικό αποτέλεσµα. «Τα βοηθά να ωριµάσουν πιο γρήγορα», λέει, προσθέτοντας ότι κρατάει επίσης µακριά τα παράσιτα και τα πουλιά. Έχοντας κατανοήσει τόσο λίγα σχετικά µε τις επιδράσεις της µουσικής στην ψυχολογία και τη φυσιολογία, οι ερευνητές τώρα µελετούν τους ισχυρισµούς του Cagnozzi.

Time Europe, 16 Ιανουαρίου 2006(45 points)

 

Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1. a. Give a title to the above text. (4 points)
Απάντηση:

Β1. a. THE BENEVOLENT INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON NATURE'S BEINGS
 

b. As for Mozart, “he’s become like a grandfather who calms you when you wake up in the middle of a nightma